75 studies that show no link between vaccines and autism

**Complied by many truly wonderful friends of mine. Please share to help combat ignorance! **


Albizzati, A., Moré, L., Di Candia, D., Saccani, M., Lenti, C. Normal concentrations of heavy metals in autistic spectrum disorders. Minerva Pediatrica. 2012. Feb;64(1):27-31 Normal concentrations of heavy metals in autistic spectrum disorders - PubMed
Afzal, MA., Ozoemena, LC., O’Hare, A., Kidger, KA., Bentley, ML., Minor, PD. Absence of detectable measles virus genome sequence in blood of autistic children who have had their MMR vaccination during the routine childhood immunization schedule of UK. Journal Medical Virology. 2006 May;78(5):623-30. Absence of detectable measles virus genome sequence in blood of autistic children who have had their MMR vaccination during the routine childhood immunization schedule of UK - PubMed

Andrews, N., Miller, E., Grant, A., Stowe, J., Osborn, V., & Taylor, B. (2004). Thimerosal exposure in infants and developmental disorders: a retrospective cohort study in the United Kingdom does not support a causal association. Pediatrics, 114, 584-591. Thimerosal exposure in infants and developmental disorders: a retrospective cohort study in the United kingdom does not support a causal association - PubMed

Asif Doja, A., & Roberts, W. (2006). Immunizations and autism: A review of the literature. The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 33(4), 341-346. Immunizations and autism: a review of the literature - PubMed

Baird, G., Pickles, A., Simonoff, E., Charman, T., Sullivan, P., Chandler, S., Loucas, T., Meldrum, D., Afzal, M., Thomas, B., Jin, L., Brown, D. Measles vaccination and antibody response in autism spectrum disorders. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2008 Oct;93(10):832-7. doi: 10.1136/adc.2007.122937. Epub 2008 Feb 5. Measles vaccination and antibody response in autism spectrum disorders - PubMed

Berger, BE., Navar-Boggan, AM., Omer, SB. Congenital rubella syndrome and autism spectrum disorder prevented by rubella vaccination–United States, 2001-2010. BMC Public Health. 2011 May 19;11:340. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-340. Congenital rubella syndrome and autism spectrum disorder prevented by rubella vaccination--United States, 2001-2010 - PubMed

Bower, H. New research demolishes link between MMR vaccine and autism. British Medical Journal. 1999. Jun 19;318(7199):1643. New research demolishes link between MMR vaccine and autism - PMC

Chen, W., Landau, S., Sham, P., & Fombonne, E. (2004). No evidence for links between autism, MMR and measles virus. Psychological Medicine, 34(3), 543-553. No evidence for links between autism, MMR and measles virus - PubMed

Christie, B. Scottish expert group finds no link between MMR and autism. British Medical Journal, 2002. May 11;324(7346):1118. Scottish expert group finds no link between MMR and autism - PMC

Dales, L., Hammer, S. J., & Smith, N. J. (2001). Time trends in autism and in MMR immunization coverage in California. JAMA, 285(9), 1183-1185. Time trends in autism and in MMR immunization coverage in California - PubMed

DeWilde, S., Carey, IM., Richards, N., Hilton, SR., Cook, DG. Do children who become autistic consult more often after MMR vaccination? British Journal of General Practice. 2001 Mar;51(464):226-7. Do children who become autistic consult more often after MMR vaccination? - PMC

Demicheli, V., Jefferson, T., Rivetti, A., & Price, D. (2005). Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 4. (a review of 31 studies) Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children - PubMed

DeStefano, F., Bhasin, T. K., Thompson, W. W., Yeargin-Allsopp, M., & Boyle, C. (2004). Age at first measles-mumps-rubella vaccination in children with autism and school-matched control subjects: a population-based study in metropolitan Atlanta. Pediatrics, 113(2), 259-266. Age at first measles-mumps-rubella vaccination in children with autism and school-matched control subjects: a population-based study in metropolitan atlanta - PubMed

DeStefano F., Price CS., Weintraub, ES. Increasing exposure to antibody-stimulating proteins and polysaccharides in vaccines is not associated with risk of autism. Journal of Pediatrics. 2013 Aug;163(2):561-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.02.001. Epub 2013 Mar 30. Increasing exposure to antibody-stimulating proteins and polysaccharides in vaccines is not associated with risk of autism - PubMed

DeStefano F., Thompson, WW. MMR vaccine and autism: an update of the scientific evidence. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2004 Feb;3(1):19-22. MMR vaccine and autism: an update of the scientific evidence - PubMed

DeStefano F., Thompson, WW. MMR vaccination and autism: is there a link? Expert Opinion on Drug Safety. 2002 Jul;1(2):115-20. MMR vaccination and autism: is there a link? - PubMed

DeStefano, F. Chen, RT. Negative association between MMR and autism. Lancet. 1999 Jun 12;353(9169):1987-8. http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(99)00160-9/fulltext

DeStefano, F., Chen, RT. Autism and measles-mumps-rubella vaccination: controversy laid to rest? CNS Drugs. 2001. 2001;15(11):831-7. Autism and measles-mumps-rubella vaccination: controversy laid to rest? - PubMed

D’Souza J., Todd T. Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and the development of autism or inflammatory bowel disease: the controversy should end. Journal of Pedatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2003 Jul;8(3):187-99. doi: 10.5863/1551-6776-8.3.187. Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine and the Development of Autism or Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Controversy Should End - PMC

D’Souza, Y., Fombonne, E., Ward, BJ. No evidence of persisting measles virus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from children with autism spectrum disorder. Pediatrics. 2006 Oct;118(4):1664-75. No evidence of persisting measles virus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from children with autism spectrum disorder - PubMed

Farrington, C., Miller, E., & Taylor, B. (2001). MMR and autism: further evidence against a causal association. Vaccine, 19(27), 3632-3635. MMR and autism: further evidence against a causal association - PubMed

Fombonne, E., & Chakrabarti, S. (2001). No evidence for a new variant of measles-mumps-rubella–induced autism. Pediatrics, 108(4), e58-e58. No evidence for a new variant of measles-mumps-rubella-induced autism - PubMed

Fombonne, E., Zakarian, R., Bennett, A., Meng, L., & McLean-Heywood, D. (2006). Pervasive developmental disorders in Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Prevalence and links with immunizations. Pediatrics 118(1) e139-e150; doi:10.1542/peds.2005-2993. http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/118/1/e139

García-Fernández, L., Hernández, AV., Suárez Moreno, V., Fiestas, F. Addressing the controversy regarding the association between thimerosal-containing vaccines and autism. Revista Peruana de Medicine Experimental Salud Publica. 2013 Apr;30(2):268-74. [Addressing the controversy regarding the association between thimerosal-containing vaccines and autism] - PubMed

Gentile, I., Bravaccio, C., Bonavolta, R., Zappulo, E., Scarica, S., Riccio, MP., Settimi, A., Portella, G., Pascotta, A., Borgia, G. Response to measles-mumps-rubella vaccine in children with autism spectrum disorders. In Vivo 2013 May-Jun;27(3):377-82. Response to measles-mumps-rubella vaccine in children with autism spectrum disorders - PubMed

Glasper, EA. New evidence reaffirms the safety of the MMR vaccine. British Journal of Nursing. 2002 Jun 27-Jul 10;11(12):794. http://www.internurse.com/cgi-bin/go.pl/library/article.cgi?uid=10298;article=BJN_11_12_794_0

Hayney MS. Vaccine Safety: no link between thimerosal and autism. Journal of American Pharmacists Association. 2003. 2004 Nov-Dec;44(6):725-6. http://japha.org/article.aspx?articleid=1039011

Hertz-Picciotto, I., Green, P., Delwiche, L., Hansen, R., Walker, C., & Pessah, I. (2010). Blood mercury concentrations in CHARGE Study children with and without autism. Environmental Health Perspectives, 118(1), 161-166. doi:10.1289/ehp.0900736 Blood mercury concentrations in CHARGE Study children with and without autism - PubMed

Hensley, E. Briars, L. Closer look at autism and the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. Journal of American Pharmacist’s Association. 2003. 2010 Nov-Dec;50(6):736-41. doi: 10.1331/JAPhA.2010.10004. Closer look at autism and the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine - PubMed

Hurley, A., Tadrous, M., Miller, ES. Thimerosal-containing vaccines and autism: a review of recent epidemiological studies. Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2010 Jul-Sep; 15(3): 173-181. Thimerosal-Containing Vaccines and Autism: A Review of Recent Epidemiologic Studies - PMC

Honda, H., Shimizu, Y., & Rutter, M. (2005). No effect of MMR withdrawal on the incidence of autism: a total population study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 46(6), doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01425.x. No effect of MMR withdrawal on the incidence of autism: a total population study - PubMed

Hornig, M., Briese, T., Bule, T., Bauman, M.L., Lauwers, G., Siemetzki, U., Hummel, K., Rota, PA., Bellini, WJ., O’Leary, JJ., Sheils, O., Alden, E., Pickering, L., Lipkin, W.I. Lack of association between measles virus vaccine and autism with enteropathy: a case-control study. 2008. PLoS One, 3(9), e3140. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003140. Lack of association between measles virus vaccine and autism with enteropathy: a case-control study - PubMed

Hviid A., Stellfeld, M., Wohlfahrt, J., Melbye, M. Association between thimerosal-containing vaccine and autism - No causal relationship found. JAMA. 2003 Oct 1;290(13):1763-6. Association between thimerosal-containing vaccine and autism - PubMed

Insitute of Medicine (US) Immunization Safety Review Committee. Immunization Safety Review: Vaccines and Autisms. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2004. Immunization Safety Review: Vaccines and Autism - PubMed

Jick, H., Kaye, JA. Epidemiology and possible causes of autism. Pharmacotherapy. 2003 Dec;23(12):1524-30. Epidemiology and possible causes of autism - PubMed

Kaye, J. A., del Mar Melero-Montes, M., & Jick, H. Mumps, measles, and rubella vaccine and the incidence of autism recorded by general practitioners: a time trend analysis. 2001. British Medical Journal, 322(7284), 460-463. Mumps, measles, and rubella vaccine and the incidence of autism recorded by general practitioners - PMC

Klein, K. C., & Diehl, E. B. Relationship between MMR vaccine and autism. 2004. Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 38(7-8), 1297-1300. Relationship between MMR vaccine and autism - PubMed

Kuwaik, GA., Roberts, W., Zwaigenbaum, L., Bryson, S., Smith, IM., Szatmari, P., Modi, BM., Tanel, N., Brian, J. Immunization uptake in younger siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism. 2014 Feb;18(2):148-55. doi: 10.1177/1362361312459111. Epub 2012 Oct 8. Immunization uptake in younger siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder - PubMed

Lingam, R., Simmons, A., Andrews, N., Miller, E., Stowe, J., & Taylor, B. (2003). Prevalence of autism and parentally reported triggers in a North-east London population. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 88(8), 666-670. Prevalence of autism and parentally reported triggers in a north east London population - PubMed

Madsen, K.K., Hviid, A., Vestergaard, M., Schendel, D., Wohlfahrt, J., Thorsen, P., Olsen, J., Melbye, M. A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism. 2002. The New England Journal of Medicine, 347(19), 1477-82. A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism - PubMed

Madsen KM., Hviid, A., Vestergaard, M., Schendel, D., Wohlfahrt, J., Thorsen, P., Olsen, J. Melbye, M. MMR vaccination and autism–a population-based follow-up study. Ugeskr Laeger. 2002. Dec 2;164(49):5741-4. [MMR vaccination and autism--a population-based follow-up study] - PubMed

Madsen, K.M., Lauritsen, M.B., Pedersen, C.B., Thorsen, P., Plesner, A.M., Andersen, P.H. & Mortensen, P.B. Thimerosal and the occurrence of autism: negative ecological evidence from Danish population-based data. 2003. Pediatrics, 112, 604-606. doi: 10.1542/peds.112.3.204 Thimerosal and the occurrence of autism: negative ecological evidence from Danish population-based data - PubMed

Madsen, KM. Vestergaard, M. MMR and Autism: what is the evidence for a causal association? Drug Safety. 2004;27(12):831-40. MMR vaccination and autism : what is the evidence for a causal association? - PubMed

Makela, A., Nuorti, J., & Peltola, H. (2002). Neurologic disorders after measles-mumps-rubella vaccination. Pediatrics, 110(5), 957-963. Neurologic disorders after measles-mumps-rubella vaccination - PubMed

Marwick, C. US Report finds no link between MMR and autism. British Medical Journal. May 5, 2001; 322(7294): 1083. US report finds no link between MMR and autism - PMC

MacDonald, NE., Pickering, L. Canadian Paediatric Society, Infectious Diseases and Immunization Committee. Autism Spectrum Disorder: No causal relationship with vaccines. Paediatric Child Health 2007;12(5):393-5 http://www.cps.ca/documents/position/autistic-spectrum-disorder-no-causal-relationship-with-vaccines

Meadows, M. IOM Report: no link between vaccines and autism. FDA Consumer. 2004 Sep-Oct;38(5):18-9. IOM report: no link between vaccines and autism - PubMed

Miller, E. Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and the development of autism - epidemiologic evidence against such an association is compelling. Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 2003 Jul;14(3):199-206. Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and the development of autism - PubMed

Miller, L., Reynolds J. Autism and vaccination – the current evidence. Journals for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing. 2009 Jul;14(3):166-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6155.2009.00194.x. Autism and vaccination-the current evidence - PubMed

Mrozek-Budzyn, D., Kiełtyka, A. The relationship between MMR vaccination and the number of new cases of autism in children. . Przeglad epidemiologiczny. 2008;62(3):597-604. [The relationship between MMR vaccination level and the number of new cases of autism in children] - PubMed

Mrozek-Budzyn, D., Majewska, R. Kiełtyka, A. & Augustyniak, M. Lack of association between thimerosal-containing vaccines and autism. Przeglad epidemiologiczny. 2011, 65(3), 491-495. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19952979

Stratton, K., Ford, A., Rusch, E., Wright Clayton, E. Committee to Review Adverse Effects of Vaccines; Institute of Medicine. Adverse Effects of Vaccines: Evidence and Causality. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2012. (a review of more than ONE THOUSAND studies). http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13164

Parker, S.K., Schwartz, B., Todd, J., Pickering, L.K. Thimerosal-containing vaccines and autistic spectrum disorder: A critical review of published original data. 2004. Pediatrics, 114, 793-804. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15342856

Parker, S. Todd, J., Schwartz., B., Pickering, L.K. Thimerosal-containing vaccines and autistic spectrum disorder: A critical review of published original data. 2005. Pediatrics. Jan;115(1):200. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15630018

Peltola, H., Patja, A., Leinikki, P., Valle, M., Davidkin, I., & Paunio, M. No evidence for measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine-associated inflammatory bowel disease or autism in a 14-year prospective study. 1998. Lancet, 351(9112), 1327. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9643797

Plotkin, S., Gerber, J. S., & Offit, P. A. (2009). Vaccines and autism: a tale of shifting hypotheses. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 48(4), 456-461. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2908388/

Price, C. S., Thompson, W. W., Goodson, B., Weintraub, E. S., Croen, L. A., Hinrichsen, V. L., DeStefano, F. Prenatal and infant exposure to thimerosal from vaccines and immunoglobulins and risk of autism. 2010. Pediatrics, 126(4), 656-664. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20837594

Roehr B. Study finds no association between vaccines and autism. 2013. British Medical Journal. Apr 3;346:f2095. doi: 10.1136/bmj.f2095. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23554072

Richler, J., Luyster, R., Risi, S., Hsu, W. L., Dawson, G., Bernier, R., … & Lord, C. (2006). Is there a ‘regressive phenotype’ of Autism Spectrum Disorder associated with the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine? A CPEA Study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(3), 299-316. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16729252

Rumke, HC., Visser, HK. Childhood vaccinations anno 2004. II. The real and presumed side effects of vaccination. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde. 2004 Feb 21;148(8):364-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15032089

Schechter, R., Grether, JK. Continuing increases in autism reported to California’s developmental services system: mercury in retrograde. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2008 Jan;65(1):19-24. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2007.1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18180424

Smeeth, L., Cook, C., Fombonne, E., Heavey, L., Rodrigues, L. C., Smith, P. G., & Hall, A. J. (2004). MMR vaccination and pervasive developmental disorders: a case-control study. The Lancet, 364(9438), 963-969. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15364187

Smith, M. J., & Woods, C. R. On-time vaccine receipt in the first year does not adversely affect neuropsychological outcomes. Pediatrics. 2010. 125(6), 1134-1141. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20498176

Singh, VK. Rivas, WH. Detection of antinuclear and antilaminin antibodies in autistic children who received thimerosal-containing vaccines - mercury as in thimerosal-containing vaccines is likely not related to autoimmune phenomenon in autism. Journal of Biomedical Science. 2004 Sep-Oct;11(5):607-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15316135

Stehr-Green, P., Tull, P., Stellfeld, M., Mortenson, PB., Simpson, D. Autism and thimerosal-containing vaccines: lack of consistent evidence for an association. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2003 Aug;25(2):101-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12880876

Taylor, B., Miller, E., Farrington, C., Petropoulos, M., Favot-Mayaud, I., Li, J., & Waight, P. A. (1999). Autism and measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine: no epidemiological evidence for a causal association. Lancet, 353(9169), 2026-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10376617

Taylor, B., Miller, E., Lingam, R., Andrews, N., Simmons, A., & Stowe, J. Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and bowel problems or developmental regression in children with autism: population study. 2002. British Medical Journal, 324(7334), 393-396. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11850369

Taylor, B., Lingam, R., Simmons, A., Stowe, J., Miller, E., Andrews, N. Autism and MMR vaccination in North London: no causal relationship. 2002. Molecular Psychiatry. 7 Suppl2:S7-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12142932

Thjodleifsson, B., Davidsdóttir, K., Agnarsson, U., Sigthórsson, G., Kjeld, M., Bjarnason, I. Effect of Pentavac and measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination on the intestine. Gut. 2002 Dec;51(6):816-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12427783

Thompson, WW., Price, C., Goodson, B., Shay, DK., Benson, P., Hinrichsen, BL., Lewis, E., Eriksen, E., Ray, P., Marcy, SM., Dunn, J., Jackson, LA., Lieu, TA., Black, S., Stewart, G., Weintraub, ES., Davis, RL., DeStefano, F., Vaccine Data Link Safety Team. Early thimerosal exposure and neuropsychological outcomes at 7 to 10 years. New England Journal of Medicine. 2007 Sep 27;357(13):1281-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17898097

Uchiyama, T., Kurosawa, M., & Inaba, Y. MMR-vaccine and regression in autism spectrum disorders: negative results presented from Japan. 2007. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(2), 210-217. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16865547

Uno, Y., Uchiyama, T., Kurosawa, M., Aleksic, B., & Ozaki, N. The combined measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines and the total number of vaccines are not associated with development of autism spectrum disorder: first case–control study in Asia. 2012. Vaccine, 30(28), 4292-4298. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22521285

Verstraeten T., Davis, RL., DeStefano, F., Lieu, TA., Rhodes, PH., Black, SB., Shinefield, H., Chen RT. Safety of thimerosal-containing vaccines: a two-phased study of computerized health maintenance organization databases. Pediatrics. 2003 Nov;112(5):1039-48. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14595043

Weisser, K., Bauer, K., Volkers, P., Keller-Stanislawski, B. Thimerosal and immunizations - evidence does not support the hypothesis of a potential relationship between neurodevelopmental disorders and thiomersal-containing vaccines. 2004. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. Dec;47(12):1165-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15583887

MMR vaccine is not linked to Crohn’s disease or autism. Commun Dis Rep CDR Weekly. 1998 Mar 27;8(13):113. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9592960

Cite? … :smiley:

Smacks poster with wet double blind study.

:smiley:

Thank you all for your work!

(Really, this board needs a Like button. Instead, you get these 18 extra words.)

Despite my approval of the OP, I feel like I just opened up the back pages of the SDMB and hit some random bibliography.

Yeah, but Jenny McCarthy is a parent and she knows her own child. A mother’s love is a more powerful etiological tool than studies backed by Big Vaccine.

(Poe’s law disclaimer: Not serious)

Good try but I still say there is no way in hell a lion would ever beat a tiger in a fight.

Are there any studies that do show a connection, aside from Wakefield’s now completely discredited one?

Not to my knowledge.

FYI, it should be noted that the original article states, “We did not prove an association with the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine and the syndrome described.”

So in the original study they admit there is no connection. Those are Wakefield’s words not mine.

Bravo!

I have no dog in this fight but everything I have ever read on this tells me that the anti-vaccine nut jobs are on the wrong side of history.

Sorry LavenderBlue, you can link to all the studies you want and repeat that science stuff until you’re (lavender) blue in the face, but the truth of the matter is the Thinking Mommies have awoken, and there’s gonna be hell to pay.

Those studies are funded by big mercury.

Good work, but it won’t help.

Can’t reason someone out etc.

Plus she showed the world her whisker biscuit in Playboy. Gotta give points for that.

We should stickie this. We should have a forum with stickies of information collected on frequent topics, like the 911 questions or the JFK stuff.

We are updating the list as we go, and there’s a working link here. It’s up to 94 studies and/or reviews, with others coming. Our idea is that it will be regularly updated and that people can just link to the note when they encounter the “vaccines cause autism” canard.

I keep saying we need a “Debunking” forum. This post would be a perfect first Sticky.

There is currently a measles outbreak where I live- not sure if it’s related to anti-vaxxers or not. http://nypost.com/2014/03/07/nyc-officials-warn-of-measles-outbreak/
I’ll have to find out if the vaccinations I got as a child are still effective. I work with food and with the public therefore cannot go to work if I have something contagious. I would be beyond furious if I became sick from exposure to an un-vaccinated child (who was old enough to be vaccinated. I would have a lot of sympathy for a baby who became ill after being exposed to a child who was old enough to have been vaccinated but the parents chose not to).

What a depressing article.

As for the OP, good work, but all that is needed is to recite “why do you believe the Big Pharma propaganda?” 94 times.

Regards,
Shodan

A single measles shot provides about 98% protection. The series of three shots provides over 99% protection. Measles vaccination will protect you against measles for the rest of your life. It’s a really great vax.