Gary Jennings’s Aztec is a big, sprawling historical novel set against the last days of the Aztec empire, just before and during the Spanish conquistadores’ arrival. Lots of sex, human sacrifice, adventure, diplomacy, sex, court intrigue, war, sex, family drama, exploration and - oh, yeah - sex.
Susanna Clarke’s Jonathan Strange & Mr. Norrell is a big, dense, deeply engaging novel about the return of magic to Regency England. Someone likened it to a Harry Potter book written by Jane Austen, which isn’t far off the mark. Not as action- or -sex-packed as Aztec, but still well worth a read.
I suppose you’ve considered Tom Clancy novels and the sprawling, absurd techno-thrillers of Clive Cussler (and his co-author du jour) or of Douglas Preston and Lincoln Childs.
My favorites were Frederick Forsythe. A little shorter than you request, but infinitely better researched and likely. His Day of the Jackal and The Odessa File are classics. And I think The Devil’s Alternative is unjustly neglected. It’s dated now, but still a good read, and at 480 pages almost fits your criteria.
Look at his more recent books, too, although I think his earlier books are his best.
The original Bourne books are worth reading, too. If you’re only familiar with the films, they’ll seem dated (I love the scene in, I think, the first one, where attempting to place a trans-Atlantic phone call becomes a daring Oceans Eleven-type plot), but I think they hold up.
You said “literary” and “action” well … how much more literary can you get than "The Stress of Her Regard"by Tim Powers? Lord Byron and Shelley vs. vampires, but vampires that are like NOTHING you have seen in other stories on the topic, and Powers does his usual superlative job of researching the characters and the times and bringing them to life.
And all of Jennings’ historical novels are similar – even Spangle, which is about a circus! (A circus touring 19th-Century Europe, so there’s lots to work with.)
The Count of Monte Cristo, that’s how much more literary you can get. I mean, I like Tim Powers and all, but The Count of Monte Motherfucking Cristo is IMO the best adventure novel ever written. Anyone with any interest in this sort of thing needs to track it down, set aside a comfortable several days, and read it. It’s astonishingly good–not only is the plotting brilliant and the characters fascinating, but there’s also a wonderful thread of vengeance and redemption running through it that’s lost in lesser works.
Depending on your tolerance for nineteenth century prose, though, it might not be a page-turner for you. There are long sections of the book in which things move slowly.
I’m sorry, have to disagree. If the OP mentions the word ‘literary’, Cussler is automatically disqualified. His plots move, but his writing is truly awful.
The Count of Monte Cristo might be Original Gangsta adventure fiction, so much so that it’s now considered literature by some, but it doesn’t have Lord Frickin’ Byron and Percy Frickin’ Bysshe Shelly as its protagonists, now, does it? All it’s got is some no-account English count!
I’ve never read any Ken Follett, so I don’t know whether any of his novels (a) fit the criteria the OP is looking for, and (b) are any good. I can, however, recommend his lecture on the history of the thriller, available for viewing at his website here, to anyone who has an interest in thriller novels.
If you’re looking for long-ass SF, some of L. Ron Hubbard’s works might do. Not the most literary works in the world, but could be pretty fun if you want starships and blasters and more starships. E.g. Battlefield Earth.
It’s not quite so long, but you might like King Solomon’s Mines. It’s one of the prototypical “Adventure Novels” and is frequently subject to homage.