Here are my guesses. [bragging]I speak as someone who has actual experience in insulting people in French.[/bragging]
Fashay twa: This could be “va chez-toi” which means go home, but without being overly polite it’s too nice to be considered an insult. A better guess could be “Va chier, toi” or “go take a shit, you.” “Va chier” is a common way to tell people to f*** off, but here the final “toi” is kind of out of place gramatically speaking.
poofkot I’m almost certain that this is “pauvre con”, as it is one of the most common French insults. Roughly, it means “poor fool” but “con”, the quintessential French insult, is a lot stronger than “fool”. For the etymologically-enclined, “con” is derived from the same root as the English “cunt” and is often used in that meaning in pre-WWI erotica.
GIGObuster mentioned a few other possibilities but I think they’re unlikely.
“Baise-toi” sounds like a litteral translation from English, I’ve rarely, if ever, heard it.
“Bouffon” is kind of weak, like the English “buffoon”.
“Pousse-crotte” is good, but seldom used. In a French Cursing for Foreign-Language Speakers class, I’d place it in the intermediate to advanced course.
“Putain” is another quintessential French swear word, but phonetically, it doesn’t fit nicely with Ben’s sentence.
“Trou du cul” is also very common, but again, it’s a long way from “trou duc’” to “poofkot”.
French is such a great language when it comes to cursing. In my opinion, one of the best aspects of French cussing is that it’s very easy, with a little imagination, to create new insults. So really, the possibilities are almost endless. (If you’re really confident in your level of French proficiency I suggest almost anything by San Antonio for good examples of made-up cussing. He is the master of the art.)
BTW, it could be that your teacher was simply giving you nonsense. Japanese kids would often ask me for bad words in English. I usually taught them really mild ones, like “fool” because I knew they would repeat them over and over again. How puritan of me!