Gfactor is right - it’s more than just a semantic distinction. The difference Gfactor is pointing out carries significant legal implications for the precedential value of the lower court decision.
It’s true that for the parties to this particular case, the outcome is the same as if the SCC had heard the appeal and ruled in favour of the passenger, but the main function of the SCC isn’t to decide individual cases - it’s to determine the law in a particular area raised by a case. Only a majority of the Court can fulfill that function, after a full hearing on an appeal.
A decision by the leave panel is only a decision on whether the Court will hear the case. That’s all that they’ve decided. Since that is a yes-no decision, they typically don’t give any reasons. As well, since the leave panel is composed of three judges of the nine, their decision is nowhere near to being a majority decision of the court, particularly if the leave panel were to have been split, 2-1.
If the leave panel refuses to grant leave, then the decision of the lower court stands - but it’s not given any additional precedential weight by the fact that the SCC has declined to grant leave. The decision to refuse leave does not mean that the lower court’s ruling on the law has been affirmed by the SCC. The SCC has not ruled on the legal issues raised by the case.
That’s very important in a system of precedent, particularly in a federation with 14 different Courts of Appeal. A decision from the Court of Appeal of one jurisdiction is normally not binding on the courts of the other jurisidictions - and that doesn’t change just because the SCC has declined to grant leave.
For example, I was once arguing a case in the Queen’s Bench in Saskatchewan and opposing counsel cited a decision in his favour from the Court of Appeal from another province. That decision, from another province, is not binding on the courts of Saskatchewan. But, counsel argued, the SCC had declined to grant leave, and therefore it was binding. Not so, said the QB judge - it remained a decision from another province, not a decision of the SCC. He would review it carefully, because a decision from the highest court of another province is worthy of careful consideration, but he was free to reach a different conclusion. If it had been a decision of the SCC, he would of course have been bound to follow it.
So if a similar issue of obesity arises in an area of transport governed by provincial law, under a provincial human rights code, the decision of the Federal Court of Appeal in this case is not binding on the provincial courts. They may be convinced by the FCA’s reasoning and might reach a similar result. Or, they might decide that the FCA got it wrong, and reach a completely different conclusion. The fact that the SCC declined to hear the appeal from the Federal Court of Appeal doesn’t give that decision any extra weight.