A set of recently published books by Jeffrey Burton Russell maps a history of the Devil and our notional views of evil:
The Devil: Perceptions of Evil from Antiquity to Primitive Christianity
ISBN: 0-0814-0938-1 (cloth)
Satan: The Early Christian Tradition
ISBN: 0-8014-1267-6 (cloth) / 0-8014-9413-3 (paper)
Lucifer: The Devil in the Middle Ages
ISBN: 0-8014-1503-9 (cloth) / 0-8014-9429-X (paper)
Mephistopheles: The Devil in the Modern World
ISBN: 0-8014-1808-9 (cloth)
The Prince of Darkness: Radical Evil and the Power of Good in History
ISBN: 0-8014-1808-9 (cloth)
All of these books were published by Cornell University Press, the first appearing in 1977 and the last in 1988. The first four constitute a fairly straightforward history of the Devil and his place in our imaginations. If you’re interested in a particular age, any of these volumes can stand on their own. Extensive bibliographies will carry you to wide ranges of source material. The last is a kind of summation and exegesis, a long monograph and rumination on the nature of evil and its personification. Unfortunately, this fifth volume has no bibliography.
At times, Dr. Russell seems too quick to apologize for the Roman Catholic Church. He does not always cleanly distinguish between among the concepts and constructs he uses, so that, at times, a reader might have to decide whether the writer is speaking of an actual Devil who walks the world or a concept that finds personification in Old Scratch. Overall, though, the writing is clean and heartfelt, set down by a man who has read widely and who, perhaps ruefully, loves his subject.
Here is another, earlier look at the same set of topics:
The History of the Devil and the Idea of Evil
Author: Dr. Paul Carus
ISBN: 0-517-15064-6 (cloth)
Originally published in 1900, Random House republished this book in 1996 as part of its Gramercy Books line. With hundreds of illustrations and a charming writing style, this is a very entertaining look at the way one 19th century scholar apprehended percepts of good and evil, and how such a man regarded the Evil One. In the works mentioned above Jeffrey Burton Russell rightfully pays his respects to Paul Carus. Most diabologists consider Dr. Carus a large influence.
Above, KarlGauss offered a good recommendation: The Origin of Satan, by Elaine Pagels, takes a long look at the Devil as he appears in the Old and New Testaments. She puts a very clean, clear writing style at the service of incredible amounts of information, scholarship, and well-founded opinions. At times, she can wield a wry and welcome sense of humor; too, she can be an unusually warm and generous writer. On any topic, Dr. Pagels is worth your time.
Some disclaimers, then: although most of these books mention the Fall of Angels, the war is not discussed in any great detail in any of the books listed above; although I own all of these books and have read all of them more than once, I can’t guarantee that my enthusiasms will be yours; although I like to read about this topic, I am in no wise an historian or a theologian.
My personal library contains a number of related books, but if you’ve managed to read this far, you might already feel overwhelmed by recommendations. Some other day, perhaps. In the meantime, I hope you feel like visiting a library and I hope you have a lot of fun. Report back and let us know, if you would, what you found and what you thought.
Peace.