In the book At Swim-Two-Birds, author Flann O’Brien is writing a novel in which an unnamed character is writing a novel (in part) about a novelist whose own characters rebel against him and write him into their own story where he is put on trial. So a recursive layer.
The only things Flann O’Brien was tripping on was whiskey and Guinness.
Not as many layers as Cloud Atlas (which I loved), but not all of the layers there are being written by characters further up, if you get my drift.
“The Simpsons” did an episode like this about a treasure in a cave. It seemed like every time a character made an entrance, he/she immediately had to go into his back story for this episode, which would introduce another character who would explain his back story, etc.
Not exactly the same thing, but “Bender’s Big Score” (Futurama) involves numerous time travel paradoxes and keeping track of the relationships between all the narrative threads gets to be a real challenge.