# A stroll through Wikipedia **URL:** \ **Category:** Thread Games\ **Created:** [March 7, 2019, 12:17am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660 "2019-03-07T00:17:23Z")\ **Posts on this page:** 20\ **Page:** 32
**Author:** ![Saint\_Cad](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/saint_cad/32/18907_2.png) [@Saint\_Cad](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Saint_Cad)\ **Post date:** [December 26, 2023, 2:30pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/622 "2023-12-26T14:30:22Z")
> **[Stratovolcano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovolcano)** > > A stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a conical volcano built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava and tephra. Unlike shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes are characterized by a steep profile with a summit crater and periodic intervals of explosive eruptions and effusive eruptions, although some have collapsed summit craters called calderas. The lava flowing from stratovolcanoes typically cools and hardens before spreading far, due to high viscosity. The magma forming this > **[Campanian volcanic arc](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campanian_volcanic_arc)** > > The Campanian volcanic arc is a volcanic arc that consists of a number of active, dormant, and extinct volcanoes in the Campania region of Italy. The Campanian volcanic arc centers on the bay of Naples and includes: > "Campanian volcanic arc" is something of a term of convenience, since the area is part of the same large area of intense volcanic and seismic activity that includes, further to the south, the active island volcanoes of Stromboli, and Vulcano off the north coast of Sicily and even the... > **[Stromboli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stromboli)** > > Stromboli (/ˈstrɒmbəli/ STROM-bə-lee, .mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}Italian: \[ˈstromboli\]; Sicilian: Struògnuli \[ˈʂː(ɽ)wɔɲɲʊlɪ\]) is an island in the Tyrrhenian Sea, off the north coast of Sicily, containing Mount Stromboli, one of the four active volcanoes in Italy. It is one of the seven Aeolian Islands, a volcanic arc north of ... ---
**Author:** ![Biotop](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/biotop/32/321_2.png) [@Biotop](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Biotop)\ **Post date:** [February 6, 2024, 5:41am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/623 "2024-02-06T05:41:54Z")
> **[Stromboli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stromboli)** > > Stromboli (/ˈstrɒmbəli/ STROM-bə-lee, .mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}Italian: \[ˈstromboli\]; Sicilian: Struògnuli \[ˈʂː(ɽ)wɔɲɲʊlɪ\]) is an island in the Tyrrhenian Sea, off the north coast of Sicily, containing Mount Stromboli, one of the four active volcanoes in Italy. It is one of the seven Aeolian Islands, a volcanic arc north of ... > **[Volcanic plug](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_plug)** > > A volcanic plug, also called a volcanic neck or lava neck, is a volcanic object created when magma hardens within a vent on an active volcano. When present, a plug can cause an extreme build-up of high gas pressure if rising volatile-charged magma is trapped beneath it, and this can sometimes lead to an explosive eruption. In a plinian eruption the plug is destroyed and ash is ejected. > Glacial erosion can lead to exposure of the plug on one side, while a long slope of material remains on the op... > **[Mount Warning](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Warning)** > > Mount Warning (Bundjalung: Wollumbin), a mountain in the Tweed Range in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia, was formed from a volcanic plug of the now-gone Tweed Volcano. The mountain is located 14 kilometres (9 mi) west-south-west of Murwillumbah, near the border between New South Wales and Queensland. > Lieutenant James Cook saw the mountain from the sea and named it Mount Warning. > Mount Warning is the central volcanic remnant of an ancient shield volcano, the Tweed Volc... ---
**Author:** ![Jegpeg](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/j/f475e1/32.png) [@Jegpeg](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Jegpeg)\ **Post date:** [February 6, 2024, 8:53pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/624 "2024-02-06T20:53:30Z")
> **[Mount Warning](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Warning)** > > Mount Warning (Bundjalung: Wollumbin), a mountain in the Tweed Range in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia, was formed from a volcanic plug of the now-gone Tweed Volcano. The mountain is located 14 kilometres (9 mi) west-south-west of Murwillumbah, near the border between New South Wales and Queensland. > Lieutenant James Cook saw the mountain from the sea and named it Mount Warning. > Mount Warning is the central volcanic remnant of an ancient shield volcano, the Tweed Volc... > **[James Cook](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Cook)** > > Captain James Cook FRS (7 November \[O.S. 27 October\] 1728 – 14 February 1779) was a British explorer, cartographer and naval officer famous for his three voyages between 1768 and 1779 in the Pacific Ocean and to New Zealand and Australia in particular. He made detailed maps of Newfoundland prior to making three voyages to the Pacific, during which he achieved the first recorded European contact with the eastern coastline of Australia and the Hawaiian Islands and the first recorded circumnavig... > **[Haberdasher](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haberdasher)** > > In British English, a haberdasher is a business or person who sells small articles for sewing, dressmaking and knitting, such as buttons, ribbons, and zippers; in the United States, the term refers instead to a men's clothing store that sells suits, shirts, neckties, and other items. > The sewing articles are called haberdashery in British English. The corresponding term is notions in American English where haberdashery is the name for the shop itself, though it is largely an archaism now. In B... ---
**Author:** ![gkster](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/gkster/32/14107_2.png) [@gkster](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/gkster)\ **Post date:** [February 7, 2024, 1:04am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/625 "2024-02-07T01:04:19Z")
> **[Haberdasher](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haberdasher)** > > In British English, a haberdasher is a business or person who sells small articles for sewing, dressmaking and knitting, such as buttons, ribbons, and zippers; in the United States, the term refers instead to a men's clothing store that sells suits, shirts, neckties, and other items. > The sewing articles are called haberdashery in British English. The corresponding term is notions in American English where haberdashery is the name for the shop itself, though it is largely an archaism now. In B... > **[Zipper](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zipper)** > > A zipper, zip, fly, or zip fastener, formerly known as a clasp locker, is a commonly used device for binding together two edges of fabric or other flexible material. Used in clothing (e.g. jackets and jeans), luggage and other bags, camping gear (e.g. tents and sleeping bags), and many other items, zippers come in a wide range of sizes, shapes, and colors. In 1892, Whitcomb L. Judson, an American inventor from Chicago, patented the original design from which the modern device evolved. > The zipp... > **[YKK](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/YKK)** > > The YKK Group (YKKグループ, Waikeikei Gurūpu) is a Japanese group of manufacturing companies. They are the world's largest zipper manufacturer, also producing other fastening products, architectural products, plastic hardware and industrial machinery. > The initials YKK stand for Yoshida Kōgyō Kabushiki gaisha (吉田工業株式会社, lit. "Yoshida Manufacturing Corporation"), which was the name of the company from 1945 until 1994. YKK produces fasteners and architectural products at 109 YKK facilities in 71 coun... ---
**Author:** ![Biotop](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/biotop/32/321_2.png) [@Biotop](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Biotop)\ **Post date:** [February 7, 2024, 1:59pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/626 "2024-02-07T13:59:20Z")
> **[YKK](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/YKK)** > > The YKK Group (YKKグループ, Waikeikei Gurūpu) is a Japanese group of manufacturing companies. They are the world's largest zipper manufacturer, also producing other fastening products, architectural products, plastic hardware and industrial machinery. > The initials YKK stand for Yoshida Kōgyō Kabushiki gaisha (吉田工業株式会社, lit. "Yoshida Manufacturing Corporation"), which was the name of the company from 1945 until 1994. YKK produces fasteners and architectural products at 109 YKK facilities in 71 coun... > **[Eswatini](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaziland)** > > Eswatini (/ˌɛswɑːˈtiːni/ ESS-wah-TEE-nee; Swazi: eSwatini \[ɛswáˈtʼiːni\]), officially the Kingdom of Eswatini and also known by its former official name Swaziland (/ˈswɑːzilænd/ SWAH-zee-land), is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. It is bordered by Mozambique to its northeast and South Africa to its north, west, south, and southeast. At no more than 200 km (120 mi) north to south and 130 km (81 mi) east to west, Eswatini is one of the smallest countries in Africa; despite this, its The ... > **[White-backed vulture](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-backed_vulture)** > > The white-backed vulture (Gyps africanus) is an Old World vulture in the family Accipitridae, which also includes eagles, kites, buzzards and hawks. It is the most common vulture species in the continent of Africa. > The white-backed vulture is a typical vulture, with only down feathers on the head and neck, very broad wings and short tail feathers. It has a white neck ruff. The adult's whitish back contrasts with the otherwise dark plumage. Juveniles are largely dark. This is a medium-sized vul... ---
**Author:** ![kenobi\_65](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/kenobi_65/32/13178_2.png) [@kenobi\_65](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/kenobi_65)\ **Post date:** [February 10, 2024, 8:30pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/627 "2024-02-10T20:30:21Z")
> **[White-backed vulture](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-backed_vulture)** > > The white-backed vulture (Gyps africanus) is an Old World vulture in the family Accipitridae, which also includes eagles, kites, buzzards and hawks. It is the most common vulture species in the continent of Africa. > The white-backed vulture is a typical vulture, with only down feathers on the head and neck, very broad wings and short tail feathers. It has a white neck ruff. The adult's whitish back contrasts with the otherwise dark plumage. Juveniles are largely dark. This is a medium-sized vul... > **[Endangered species](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species)** > > An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching, and invasive species. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List lists the global conservation status of many species, and various other agencies assess the status of species within particular areas. Many nations have laws that protect cons... > **[Golden lion tamarin](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_lion_tamarin)** > > The golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia; Portuguese: mico-leão-dourado \[ˈmiku leˈɐ̃w do(w)ˈɾadu, - liˈɐ̃w -\]), also known as the golden marmoset, is a small New World monkey of the family Callitrichidae. Endemic to the Atlantic coastal forests of Brazil, the golden lion tamarin is an endangered species. The range for wild individuals is spread across four places along southeastern Brazil, with a recent census estimating 3,200 individuals left in the wild and a captive population mai Th... ---
**Author:** ![SCAdian](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/scadian/32/3292_2.png) [@SCAdian](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/SCAdian)\ **Post date:** [February 10, 2024, 10:26pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/628 "2024-02-10T22:26:20Z")
> **[Golden lion tamarin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_lion_tamarin)** > > The golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia; Portuguese: mico-leão-dourado \[ˈmiku leˈɐ̃w do(w)ˈɾadu, - liˈɐ̃w -\]), also known as the golden marmoset, is a small New World monkey of the family Callitrichidae. Endemic to the Atlantic coastal forests of Brazil, the golden lion tamarin is an endangered species. The range for wild individuals is spread across four places along southeastern Brazil, with a recent census estimating 3,200 individuals left in the wild and a captive population mai Th... > **[Simian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simian)** > > sister: Tarsiiformes > The simians, anthropoids, or higher primates are an infraorder (Simiiformes /ˈsɪmi.ɪfɔːrmiːz/) of primates containing all animals traditionally called monkeys and apes. More precisely, they consist of the parvorders Platyrrhini (New World monkeys) and Catarrhini, the latter of which consists of the family Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys in the stricter sense) and the superfamily Hominoidea (apes—including humans). > The simians are sister group to the tarsiers (Tarsiifo... > **[Parapithecidae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parapithecidae)** > > See text > Parapithecidae is an extinct family of primates which lived in the Eocene and Oligocene periods in Egypt. Eocene fossils from Myanmar are sometimes included in the family in addition. They showed certain similarities in dentition to Condylarthra, but had short faces and jaws shaped like those of tarsiers. They are part of the superfamily Parapithecoidea, perhaps equally related to Ceboidea and Cercopithecoidea plus Hominoidea - but the placement of Parapithecoidea is substantially unc... ---
**Author:** ![Ferris](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/ferris/32/11573_2.png) [@Ferris](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Ferris)\ **Post date:** [February 18, 2024, 7:04am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/629 "2024-02-18T07:04:06Z")
> **[Parapithecidae](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parapithecidae)** > > See text > Parapithecidae is an extinct family of primates which lived in the Eocene and Oligocene periods in Egypt. Eocene fossils from Myanmar are sometimes included in the family in addition. They showed certain similarities in dentition to Condylarthra, but had short faces and jaws shaped like those of tarsiers. They are part of the superfamily Parapithecoidea, perhaps equally related to Ceboidea and Cercopithecoidea plus Hominoidea - but the placement of Parapithecoidea is substantially unc... > **[Jebel Qatrani Formation](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jebel_Qatrani_Formation)** > > Barite Sandstone > The Jebel Qatrani Formation (also Gebel Qatrani, Gabal Qatrani or Djebel Qatrani) is a geologic formation located in the Faiyum Governorate of central Egypt. It is exposed between the Jebel Qatrani escarpment and the Qasr el Sagha escarpment, north of Birket Qarun lake near Faiyum. The formation conformably overlies the Qasr el Sagha Formation and is topped by the Widan el Faras Basalt. The age of the formation has been subject to debate, but the most recent research indicates ... > **[Duke University](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_University)** > > Duke University is a private research university in Durham, North Carolina, United States. Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present-day city of Trinity in 1838, the school moved to Durham in 1892. In 1924, tobacco and electric power industrialist James Buchanan Duke established The Duke Endowment and the institution changed its name to honor his deceased father, Washington Duke. > The campus spans over 8,600 acres (3,500 hectares) on three contiguous sub-campuses in Durham, and a marine ... ---
**Author:** ![kenobi\_65](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/kenobi_65/32/13178_2.png) [@kenobi\_65](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/kenobi_65)\ **Post date:** [February 18, 2024, 7:09am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/630 "2024-02-18T07:09:04Z")
> **[Duke University](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_University)** > > Duke University is a private research university in Durham, North Carolina, United States. Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present-day city of Trinity in 1838, the school moved to Durham in 1892. In 1924, tobacco and electric power industrialist James Buchanan Duke established The Duke Endowment and the institution changed its name to honor his deceased father, Washington Duke. > The campus spans over 8,600 acres (3,500 hectares) on three contiguous sub-campuses in Durham, and a marine ... > **[Richard Nixon](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon)** > > Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a representative and senator from California and as the 36th vice president from 1953 to 1961 under President Dwight D. Eisenhower. His presidency saw the reduction of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, détente with the Soviet Union and China, the Apollo 11 Moon landing, and the establishment of the Enviro... > **[United States Environmental Protection Agency](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency)** > > The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an independent agency of the United States government tasked with environmental protection matters. President Richard Nixon proposed the establishment of EPA on July 9, 1970; it began operation on December 2, 1970, after Nixon signed an executive order. The order establishing the EPA was ratified by committee hearings in the House and Senate. > The agency is led by its administrator, who is appointed by the president and approved by the Senate. The cu... ---
**Author:** ![Biotop](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/biotop/32/321_2.png) [@Biotop](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Biotop)\ **Post date:** [February 18, 2024, 2:23pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/631 "2024-02-18T14:23:15Z")
> **[United States Environmental Protection Agency](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency)** > > The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an independent agency of the United States government tasked with environmental protection matters. President Richard Nixon proposed the establishment of EPA on July 9, 1970; it began operation on December 2, 1970, after Nixon signed an executive order. The order establishing the EPA was ratified by committee hearings in the House and Senate. > The agency is led by its administrator, who is appointed by the president and approved by the Senate. The cu... > **[Love Canal](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_Canal)** > > Love Canal is a neighborhood in Niagara Falls, New York, United States, infamous as the location of a 0.28 km2 (0.11 sq mi) landfill that became the site of an environmental disaster in the 1970s. Decades of dumping toxic chemicals killed residents and harmed the health of hundreds, often profoundly. The area was cleaned up over the course of 21 years in a Superfund operation. > In 1890, Love Canal was created as a model planned community, but was only partially developed. In the 1920s, the cana... > **[Panic of 1907](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_of_1907)** > > The Panic of 1907, also known as the 1907 Bankers' Panic or Knickerbocker Crisis, was a financial crisis that took place in the United States over a three-week period starting in mid-October, when the New York Stock Exchange suddenly fell almost 50% from its peak the previous year. The panic occurred during a time of economic recession, and there were numerous runs affecting banks and trust companies. The 1907 panic eventually spread throughout the nation when many state and local banks and bu ---
**Author:** ![knoodler](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/k/ccd318/32.png) [@knoodler](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/knoodler)\ **Post date:** [February 18, 2024, 5:47pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/632 "2024-02-18T17:47:31Z")
> **[Panic of 1907](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_of_1907)** > > The Panic of 1907, also known as the 1907 Bankers' Panic or Knickerbocker Crisis, was a financial crisis that took place in the United States over a three-week period starting in mid-October, when the New York Stock Exchange suddenly fell almost 50% from its peak the previous year. The panic occurred during a time of economic recession, and there were numerous runs affecting banks and trust companies. The 1907 panic eventually spread throughout the nation when many state and local banks and bu > **[Pujo Committee](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pujo_Committee)** > > The Pujo Committee was a United States congressional subcommittee in 1912–1913 that was formed to investigate the so-called "money trust", a community of Wall Street bankers and financiers that exerted powerful control over the nation's finances. After a resolution introduced by congressman Charles Lindbergh Sr. for a probe on Wall Street power, congressman Arsène Pujo of Louisiana was authorized to form a subcommittee of the House Committee on Banking and Currency. In 1913–1914, the findings in... > **[Charles August Lindbergh](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_August_Lindbergh)** > > Charles August Lindbergh (born Carl Månsson; January 20, 1859 – May 24, 1924) was a United States Congressman from Minnesota's 6th congressional district from 1907 to 1917. He opposed American entry into World War I as well as the 1913 Federal Reserve Act. Lindbergh is best known as the father of famed aviator Charles Lindbergh. > Lindbergh was born Carl Månsson, in Stockholm, Sweden, to Lovisa Carlén, the 19-year-old mistress of Ola Månsson, a peasant member of the Riksdag of the Estates and a ba... ---
**Author:** ![Jegpeg](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/j/f475e1/32.png) [@Jegpeg](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Jegpeg)\ **Post date:** [February 19, 2024, 12:22am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/633 "2024-02-19T00:22:34Z")
> **[Charles August Lindbergh](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_August_Lindbergh)** > > Charles August Lindbergh (born Carl Månsson; January 20, 1859 – May 24, 1924) was a United States Congressman from Minnesota's 6th congressional district from 1907 to 1917. He opposed American entry into World War I as well as the 1913 Federal Reserve Act. Lindbergh is best known as the father of famed aviator Charles Lindbergh. > Lindbergh was born Carl Månsson, in Stockholm, Sweden, to Lovisa Carlén, the 19-year-old mistress of Ola Månsson, a peasant member of the Riksdag of the Estates and a ba... > **[Stockholm](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm)** > > Stockholm (.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}Swedish: \[ˈstɔ̂kː(h)ɔlm\] ⓘ) is the capital and most populous city of Sweden as well as the largest urban area in the Nordic countries. Approximately 1 million people live in the municipality, with 2.1 million in the urban area, and 2.4 million in the metropolitan area. The city s Stockholm... > **[Age of Enlightenment](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment)** > > The Age of Enlightenment or the Enlightenment,\[note 2\] also known as the Age of Reason, was an intellectual and philosophical movement that occurred in Europe, especially Western Europe, in the 17th and 18th centuries, with global influences and effects. The Enlightenment included a range of ideas centered on the value of human happiness, the pursuit of knowledge obtained by means of reason and the evidence of the senses, and ideals such as natural law, liberty, progress, toleration, frater The... ---
**Author:** ![gkster](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/gkster/32/14107_2.png) [@gkster](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/gkster)\ **Post date:** [February 19, 2024, 1:26am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/634 "2024-02-19T01:26:02Z")
> **[Age of Enlightenment](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment)** > > The Age of Enlightenment or the Enlightenment,\[note 2\] also known as the Age of Reason, was an intellectual and philosophical movement that occurred in Europe, especially Western Europe, in the 17th and 18th centuries, with global influences and effects. The Enlightenment included a range of ideas centered on the value of human happiness, the pursuit of knowledge obtained by means of reason and the evidence of the senses, and ideals such as natural law, liberty, progress, toleration, frater The... > **[Cogito, ergo sum](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogito,_ergo_sum)** > > The Latin cogito, ergo sum, usually translated into English as "I think, therefore I am",\[a\] is the "first principle" of René Descartes's philosophy. He originally published it in French as je pense, donc je suis in his 1637 Discourse on the Method, so as to reach a wider audience than Latin would have allowed. It later appeared in Latin in his Principles of Philosophy, and a similar phrase also featured prominently in his Meditations on First Philosophy. The dictum is also sometimes referred De... > **[Augustine of Hippo](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo)** > > Augustine of Hippo (/ɔːˈɡʌstɪn/ aw-GUST-in, US also /ˈɔːɡəstiːn/ AW-gə-steen; Latin: Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis; 13 November 354 – 28 August 430), also known as Saint Augustine, was a theologian and philosopher of Berber origin and the bishop of Hippo Regius in Numidia, Roman North Africa. His writings influenced the development of Western philosophy and Western Christianity, and he is viewed as one of the most important Church Fathers of the Latin Church in the Patristic Period. His Acc... ---
**Author:** ![Biotop](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/biotop/32/321_2.png) [@Biotop](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Biotop)\ **Post date:** [February 19, 2024, 4:34am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/635 "2024-02-19T04:34:54Z")
> **[Augustine of Hippo](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo)** > > Augustine of Hippo (/ɔːˈɡʌstɪn/ aw-GUST-in, US also /ˈɔːɡəstiːn/ AW-gə-steen; Latin: Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis; 13 November 354 – 28 August 430), also known as Saint Augustine, was a theologian and philosopher of Berber origin and the bishop of Hippo Regius in Numidia, Roman North Africa. His writings influenced the development of Western philosophy and Western Christianity, and he is viewed as one of the most important Church Fathers of the Latin Church in the Patristic Period. His Acc... > **[Premillennialism](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premillennialism)** > > Premillennialism, in Christian eschatology, is the belief that Jesus will physically return to the Earth (the Second Coming) before the Millennium, heralding a literal thousand-year golden age of peace. Premillennialism is based upon a literal interpretation of Revelation 20:1–6 in the New Testament, which describes Jesus's reign in a period of a thousand years. > Premillennialism is in contrast to amillennialism and postmillennialism beliefs. Amillennialism interprets Revelation 20:1–6 as pertai... > **[Fortune-telling](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortune_telling)** > > Reportedly haunted locations: > Fortune telling is the fraudulent practice of predicting information about a person's life. The scope of fortune telling is in principle identical with the practice of divination. The difference is that divination is the term used for predictions considered part of a religious ritual, invoking deities or spirits, while the term fortune telling implies a less serious or formal setting, even one of popular culture, where belief in occult workings behind the predicti... ---
**Author:** ![Saint\_Cad](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/saint_cad/32/18907_2.png) [@Saint\_Cad](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Saint_Cad)\ **Post date:** [March 10, 2024, 6:08pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/636 "2024-03-10T18:08:59Z")
> **[Fortune-telling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortune-telling)** > > Reportedly haunted locations: > Fortune telling is the unproven spiritual practice of predicting information about a person's life. The scope of fortune telling is in principle identical with the practice of divination. The difference is that divination is the term used for predictions considered part of a religious ritual, invoking deities or spirits, while the term fortune telling implies a less serious or formal setting, even one of popular culture, where belief in occult workings behind the ... > **[Cleromancy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleromancy)** > > Cleromancy is a form of sortition (casting of lots) in which an outcome is determined by means that normally would be considered random, such as the rolling of dice (astragalomancy), but that are sometimes believed to reveal the will of a deity. > In ancient Rome fortunes were told through the casting of lots or sortes. > Casting of lots (Hebrew: גּוֹרָל, romanized: gōral, Greek: κλῆρος, romanized: klē̂ros) is mentioned 47 times in the Bible.\[citation needed\] Some examples in the Hebrew Bible of th... > **[Achan (biblical figure)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achan_(biblical_figure))** > > Achan (/ˈeɪkæn/; Hebrew: עָכָן, romanized: ‘Āḵān), the son of Carmi, a descendant of Zimri, the son of Zerah, of the tribe of Judah, is a figure who appears in the Book of Joshua in the Hebrew Bible in connection with the fall of Jericho and conquest of Ai. > His name is given as Achar (עָכָר֙ ‘Āḵār) in 1 Chronicles 2:7. > According to the narrative of Joshua chapter 7, Achan pillaged an ingot of gold, a quantity of silver, and a "beautiful Babylonian garment" from Jericho, in contravention of Josh... ---
**Author:** ![Elendil\_s\_Heir](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/e/7cd45c/32.png) [@Elendil\_s\_Heir](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Elendil_s_Heir)\ **Post date:** [March 12, 2024, 4:40pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/637 "2024-03-12T16:40:31Z")
> **[Achan (biblical figure)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achan_(biblical_figure))** > > Achan (/ˈeɪkæn/; Hebrew: עָכָן, romanized: ‘Āḵān), the son of Carmi, a descendant of Zimri, the son of Zerah, of the tribe of Judah, is a figure who appears in the Book of Joshua in the Hebrew Bible in connection with the fall of Jericho and conquest of Ai. > His name is given as Achar (עָכָר֙ ‘Āḵār) in 1 Chronicles 2:7. > According to the narrative of Joshua chapter 7, Achan pillaged an ingot of gold, a quantity of silver, and a "beautiful Babylonian garment" from Jericho, in contravention of Josh... > **[Gehenna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gehenna)** > > The Valley of Hinnom, Gehinnom or Gehenna is a historic valley surrounding Jerusalem from the west and southwest that has acquired various theological connotations, including as a place of divine punishment, in Jewish eschatology. > The valley surrounds the Old City of Jerusalem and the adjacent Mount Zion from the west and south. It meets and merges with the Kidron Valley, the other principal valley around the Old City, near the Pool of Siloam which lies to the southeastern corner of Ancient Jeru... > **[Moloch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moloch)** > > Moloch, Molech, or Molek\[a\] is a word which appears in the Hebrew Bible several times, primarily in the Book of Leviticus. The Bible strongly condemns practices that are associated with Moloch, which are heavily implied to be child sacrifice. > Traditionally, the name Moloch has been understood as referring to a Canaanite god. However, since 1935, scholars have speculated that Moloch refers to the sacrifice itself, since the Hebrew word mlk is identical in spelling to a term that means "sacrifice"... ---
**Author:** ![Buck\_Godot](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/buck_godot/32/6573_2.png) [@Buck\_Godot](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Buck_Godot)\ **Post date:** [March 13, 2024, 3:46am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/638 "2024-03-13T03:46:04Z")
> **[Moloch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moloch)** > > Moloch, Molech, or Molek\[a\] is a word which appears in the Hebrew Bible several times, primarily in the Book of Leviticus. The Bible strongly condemns practices that are associated with Moloch, which are heavily implied to be child sacrifice. > Traditionally, the name Moloch has been understood as referring to a Canaanite god. However, since 1935, scholars have speculated that Moloch refers to the sacrifice itself, since the Hebrew word mlk is identical in spelling to a term that means "sacrifice"... > **[Stoning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoning)** > > Note: Varies by jurisdiction > Note: Varies by jurisdiction > Stoning, or lapidation, is a method of capital punishment where a group throws stones at a person until the subject dies from blunt trauma. It has been attested as a form of punishment for grave misdeeds since ancient history. > **[Zina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zina)** > > Zināʾ (زِنَاء) or zinā (زِنًى or زِنًا) is an Islamic legal term referring to unlawful sexual intercourse. According to traditional jurisprudence, zina can include adultery, fornication, prostitution, rape, sodomy, incest, and bestiality. Zina must be proved by testimony of four Muslim eyewitnesses to the actual act of penetration, confession repeated four times and not retracted later. The offenders must have acted of their own free will.\[2 There are very few recorded examples of the stoning pen... ---
**Author:** ![Saint\_Cad](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/saint_cad/32/18907_2.png) [@Saint\_Cad](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Saint_Cad)\ **Post date:** [March 13, 2024, 4:45pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/639 "2024-03-13T16:45:57Z")
> **[Zina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zina)** > > Zināʾ (زِنَاء) or zinā (زِنًى or زِنًا) is an Islamic legal term referring to unlawful sexual intercourse. According to traditional jurisprudence, zina can include adultery, fornication, prostitution, rape, sodomy, incest, and bestiality. Zina must be proved by testimony of four Muslim eyewitnesses to the actual act of penetration, confession repeated four times and not retracted later. The offenders must have acted of their own free will.\[2 There are very few recorded examples of the stoning pen... > **[Hudud Ordinances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudud_Ordinances)** > > The Hudud Ordinances are laws in Pakistan enacted in 1979 as part of the Islamization of Pakistan by Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, the sixth president of Pakistan. It replaced parts of the British-era Pakistan Penal Code, adding new criminal offences of adultery and fornication, and new punishments of whipping, amputation, and stoning to death. After much controversy and criticism parts of the law were extensively revised in 2006 by the Women's Protection Bill. > The Hudood Law was intended to implement ... > **[Hanafi school](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanafi_school)** > > Others > In terms of Ihsan: > The Hanafi school or Hanafism (Arabic: ٱلْمَذْهَب ٱلْحَنَفِيّ, romanized: al-madhhab al-ḥanafī) is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was established by the 8th-century scholar, jurist, and theologian Abu Hanifa, a follower whose legal views were primarily preserved by his two disciples Abu Yusuf and Muhammad al-Shaybani. As the oldest and most-followed of the four major Sunni schools, it is also called the "school of the pe... ---
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[Hanafi school - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanafi_school) > **[Mughal Empire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empire)** > > The Mughal Empire was an early modern empire in South Asia. At its peak, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus River Basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to the highlands of present-day Assam and Bangladesh in the east, and the uplands of the Deccan Plateau in South India. > The Mughal Empire is conventionally said to have been founded in 1526 by Babur, a chieftain from what is today Uzbekistan, who employed aid from the neighbo... > **[Kashmir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir)** > > .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}34°30′N 76°30′E / 34.5°N 76.5°E / 34.5; 76.5 > > > Kashmir (.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw... ---
**Author:** ![Ferris](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/ferris/32/11573_2.png) [@Ferris](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Ferris)\ **Post date:** [March 22, 2024, 12:05am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/641 "2024-03-22T00:05:09Z")
> **[Kashmir](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir)** > > .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}34°30′N 76°30′E / 34.5°N 76.5°E / 34.5; 76.5 > > > Kashmir (.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw... > **[Hypoxia (environmental)](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoxia_(environmental))** > > Hypoxia refers to low oxygen conditions. For air-breathing organisms, hypoxia is problematic but for many anaerobic organisms, hypoxia is essential. Hypoxia applies to many situations, but usually refers to the atmosphere and natural waters. > Atmospheric hypoxia occurs naturally at high altitudes. Total atmospheric pressure decreases as altitude increases, causing a lower partial pressure of oxygen, which is defined as hypobaric hypoxia. Oxygen remains at 20.9% of the total gas mixture, differi... > **[Hypolimnion](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypolimnion)** > > The hypolimnion or under lake is the dense, bottom layer of water in a thermally-stratified lake. The word "hypolimnion" is derived from Ancient Greek: λιμνίον, romanized: limníon, lit. 'lake'. It is the layer that lies below the thermocline. > Typically the hypolimnion is the coldest layer of a lake in summer, and the warmest layer during winter. In deep, temperate lakes, the bottom-most waters of the hypolimnion are typically close to 4 °C throughout the year. The hypolimnion may be much warmer ... [Previous page](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660.md?page=31) [Next page](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660.md?page=33)