# A stroll through Wikipedia **URL:** \ **Category:** Thread Games\ **Created:** [March 7, 2019, 12:17am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660 "2019-03-07T00:17:23Z")\ **Posts on this page:** 20\ **Page:** 35
**Author:** ![gkster](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/gkster/32/14107_2.png) [@gkster](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/gkster)\ **Post date:** [July 31, 2024, 8:38pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/682 "2024-07-31T20:38:36Z")
> **[Rome Statute](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rome_Statute)** > > The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court is the treaty that established the International Criminal Court (ICC). It was adopted at a diplomatic conference in Rome, Italy on 17 July 1998 and it entered into force on 1 July 2002. As of February 2024, 124 states are party to the statute. Among other things, it establishes court function, jurisdiction and structure. > The Rome Statute established four core international crimes: genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime ... > **[Nuremberg trials](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_trials)** > > The Nuremberg trials were held by the Allies against representatives of the defeated Nazi Germany for plotting and carrying out invasions of other countries across Europe and atrocities against their citizens in World War II. > Between 1939 and 1945, Nazi Germany invaded many countries across Europe, inflicting 27 million deaths in the Soviet Union alone. Proposals for how to punish the defeated Nazi leaders ranged from a show trial (the Soviet Union) to summary executions (the United Kingdo... > **[Judgment at Nuremberg](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judgment_at_Nuremberg)** > > Judgment at Nuremberg is a 1961 American epic legal drama film directed and produced by Stanley Kramer, and written by Abby Mann. It features Spencer Tracy, Burt Lancaster, Richard Widmark, Maximilian Schell, Werner Klemperer, Marlene Dietrich, Judy Garland, William Shatner, and Montgomery Clift. Set in Nuremberg, West Germany, the film depicts a fictionalized version – with fictional characters – of the Judges' Trial of 1947, one of the twelve Nuremberg Military Tribunals conducted under the a... ---
**Author:** ![Saint\_Cad](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/saint_cad/32/18907_2.png) [@Saint\_Cad](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Saint_Cad)\ **Post date:** [August 11, 2024, 2:07pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/683 "2024-08-11T14:07:27Z")
> **[Judgment at Nuremberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judgment_at_Nuremberg)** > > Judgment at Nuremberg is a 1961 American epic legal drama film directed and produced by Stanley Kramer, and written by Abby Mann. It features Spencer Tracy, Burt Lancaster, Richard Widmark, Maximilian Schell, Werner Klemperer, Marlene Dietrich, Judy Garland, William Shatner, and Montgomery Clift. Set in Nuremberg, West Germany, the film depicts a fictionalized version – with fictional characters – of the Judges' Trial of 1947, one of the twelve Nuremberg Military Tribunals conducted under the a... > **[Reichskonkordat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichskonkordat)** > > The Reichskonkordat ("Concordat between the Holy See and the German Reich") is a treaty negotiated between the Vatican and the emergent Nazi Germany. It was signed on 20 July 1933 by Cardinal Secretary of State Eugenio Pacelli, who later became Pope Pius XII, on behalf of Pope Pius XI and Vice Chancellor Franz von Papen on behalf of President Paul von Hindenburg and the German government. It was ratified 10 September 1933 and it remains in force to this day. The treaty guarantees the rights of > **[Pope Pius XI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI)** > > Pope Pius XI (Italian: Pio XI), born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti (.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}Italian: \[amˈbrɔ:dʒo daˈmja:no aˈkille ˈratti\]; 31 May 1857 – 10 February 1939), was the Bishop of Rome and supreme pontiff of the Catholic Church from 6 February 1922 to 10 February 1939. He also became the first sovereign of the V... ---
**Author:** ![Biotop](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/biotop/32/321_2.png) [@Biotop](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Biotop)\ **Post date:** [August 19, 2024, 3:20am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/684 "2024-08-19T03:20:18Z")
> **[Pope Pius XI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI)** > > Pope Pius XI (Italian: Pio XI), born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti (.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}Italian: \[amˈbrɔ:dʒo daˈmja:no aˈkille ˈratti\]; 31 May 1857 – 10 February 1939), was the Bishop of Rome and supreme pontiff of the Catholic Church from 6 February 1922 to 10 February 1939. He also became the first sovereign of the V... > **[Mechelen](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechelen)** > > Mechelen (.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}Dutch pronunciation: \[ˈmɛxələ(n)\] ⓘ; French: Malines \[malin\]; historically known as Mechlin in English\[n 1\]) is a city and municipality in the province of Antwerp in the Flemish Region of Belgium. The municipality comprises the city of Mechelen proper, some quarters at its outskirts, the ha... > **[Charles the Bold](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_the_Bold)** > > Charles Martin (10 November 1433 – 5 January 1477), called the Bold,\[a\] was the last duke of Burgundy from the House of Valois-Burgundy, ruling from 1467 to 1477. He was the only legitimate son of Philip the Good and his third wife, Isabella of Portugal. As heir and as ruler, Charles vied for power and influence with rivals such as his overlord, King Louis XI of France. In 1465 Charles led a successful revolt of Louis's vassals in the War of the Public Weal. > After becoming the Duke of Burgundy... ---
**Author:** ![SCAdian](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/scadian/32/3292_2.png) [@SCAdian](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/SCAdian)\ **Post date:** [September 2, 2024, 12:40am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/685 "2024-09-02T00:40:46Z")
> **[Charles the Bold](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_the_Bold)** > > Charles Martin (10 November 1433 – 5 January 1477), called the Bold,\[a\] was the last duke of Burgundy from the House of Valois-Burgundy, ruling from 1467 to 1477. He was the only legitimate son of Philip the Good and his third wife, Isabella of Portugal. As heir and as ruler, Charles vied for power and influence with rivals such as his overlord, King Louis XI of France. In 1465 Charles led a successful revolt of Louis's vassals in the War of the Public Weal. > After becoming the Duke of Burgundy... > **[Charles the Bald](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_the_Bald)** > > Charles the Bald (French: Charles le Chauve; 13 June 823 – 6 October 877), also known as Charles II, was a 9th-century king of West Francia (843–877), King of Italy (875–877) and emperor of the Carolingian Empire (875–877). After a series of civil wars during the reign of his father, Louis the Pious, Charles succeeded, by the Treaty of Verdun (843), in acquiring the western third of the empire. He was a grandson of Charlemagne and the youngest son of Louis the Pious by his second wife, Judith. > **[Charles the Child](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_the_Child)** > > Charles the Child (Latin: Karolus puer, from the Annales Bertiniani; 847/848, Frankfurt am Main – 29 September 866, Buzançais) was the King of Aquitaine from October 855 until his death in 866. > Charles the Child was the second son of Charles the Bald and brother of Louis the Stammerer. The younger Charles was appointed by his father, who had previously ruled as King of Aquitaine himself from 838, as a sop to Aquitainian separatism. The Aquitainians had previously rebelled against Charles the Bal... ---
**Author:** ![kenobi\_65](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/kenobi_65/32/13178_2.png) [@kenobi\_65](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/kenobi_65)\ **Post date:** [September 2, 2024, 6:58pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/686 "2024-09-02T18:58:25Z")
> **[Charles the Child](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_the_Child)** > > Charles the Child (Latin: Karolus puer, from the Annales Bertiniani; 847/848, Frankfurt am Main – 29 September 866, Buzançais) was the King of Aquitaine from October 855 until his death in 866. > Charles the Child was the second son of Charles the Bald and brother of Louis the Stammerer. The younger Charles was appointed by his father, who had previously ruled as King of Aquitaine himself from 838, as a sop to Aquitainian separatism. The Aquitainians had previously rebelled against Charles the Bal... > **[Duchy of Aquitaine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Aquitaine)** > > The Duchy of Aquitaine (Occitan: Ducat d'Aquitània, .mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}IPA: \[dyˈkad dakiˈtaɲɔ\]; French: Duché d'Aquitaine, IPA: \[dyʃe dakitɛn\]) was a historical fiefdom located in the western, central and southern areas of present-day France, south of the river Loire. Although the full extent of the duchy, as well as its... > **[Eleanor of Aquitaine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine)** > > Eleanor of Aquitaine (French: Aliénor d'Aquitaine, Éléonore d'Aquitaine, Occitan: Alienòr d'Aquitània, .mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}pronounced \[aljeˈnɔɾ dakiˈtanjɔ\], Latin: Helienordis, Alienorde or Alianor;\[a\] c. 1124 – 1 April 1204) was Duchess of Aquitaine from 1137 to 1204, Queen of France from 1137 to 1152 as the wife of K... ---
**Author:** ![gkster](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/gkster/32/14107_2.png) [@gkster](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/gkster)\ **Post date:** [September 10, 2024, 9:26pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/687 "2024-09-10T21:26:39Z")
> **[Eleanor of Aquitaine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine)** > > Eleanor of Aquitaine (French: Aliénor d'Aquitaine, Éléonore d'Aquitaine, Occitan: Alienòr d'Aquitània, .mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}pronounced \[aljeˈnɔɾ dakiˈtanjɔ\], Latin: Helienordis, Alienorde or Alianor;\[a\] c. 1124 – 1 April 1204) was Duchess of Aquitaine from 1137 to 1204, Queen of France from 1137 to 1152 as the wife of K... > **[Richard III of England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_III_of_England)** > > Richard III (2 October 1452 – 22 August 1485) was King of England from 26 June 1483 until his death in 1485. He was the last king of the Plantagenet dynasty and its cadet branch the House of York. His defeat and death at the Battle of Bosworth Field marked the end of the Middle Ages in England. > Richard was created Duke of Gloucester in 1461 after the accession of his brother Edward IV. This was during the period known as the Wars of the Roses, an era when two branches of the royal family cont... > **[Scoliosis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scoliosis)** > > Scoliosis (pl.: scolioses) is a condition in which a person's spine has an irregular curve. The curve is usually S- or C-shaped over three dimensions. In some, the degree of curve is stable, while in others, it increases over time. Mild scoliosis does not typically cause problems, but more severe cases can affect breathing and movement. Pain is usually present in adults, and can worsen with age. As the condition progresses, it may alter a person's life, and hence can also be The cause of most ... ---
**Author:** ![Ferris](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/ferris/32/11573_2.png) [@Ferris](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Ferris)\ **Post date:** [September 11, 2024, 11:46pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/688 "2024-09-11T23:46:50Z")
> **[Scoliosis](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scoliosis)** > > Scoliosis (pl.: scolioses) is a condition in which a person's spine has an irregular curve. The curve is usually S- or C-shaped over three dimensions. In some, the degree of curve is stable, while in others, it increases over time. Mild scoliosis does not typically cause problems, but more severe cases can affect breathing and movement. Pain is usually present in adults, and can worsen with age. As the condition progresses, it may alter a person's life, and hence can also be The cause of most ... > **[Marfan syndrome](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marfan_syndrome)** > > Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a multi-systemic genetic disorder that affects the connective tissue. Those with the condition tend to be tall and thin, with long arms, legs, fingers, and toes. They also typically have exceptionally flexible joints and abnormally curved spines. The most serious complications involve the heart and aorta, with an increased risk of mitral valve prolapse and aortic aneurysm. The lungs, eyes, bones, and the covering of the spinal cord are also commonly a MFS is caused by a... > **[Propranolol](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propranolol)** > > Propranolol, sold under the brand name Inderal among others, is a medication of the beta blocker class. It is used to treat high blood pressure, a number of types of irregular heart rate, thyrotoxicosis, capillary hemangiomas, performance anxiety, and essential tremors, as well to prevent migraine headaches, and to prevent further heart problems in those with angina or previous heart attacks. It can be taken orally (by mouth) or by intravenous injection (injection into a vein). Common side ef... ---
**Author:** ![Biotop](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/biotop/32/321_2.png) [@Biotop](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Biotop)\ **Post date:** [October 9, 2024, 3:37am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/689 "2024-10-09T03:37:41Z")
> **[Propranolol](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propranolol)** > > Propranolol is a medication of the beta blocker class. It is used to treat high blood pressure, a number of types of irregular heart rate, thyrotoxicosis, capillary hemangiomas, performance anxiety, and essential tremors, as well to prevent migraine headaches, and to prevent further heart problems in those with angina or previous heart attacks. It can be taken orally (by mouth) or by intravenous injection (injection into a vein). The formulation that is taken orally (by mouth) c Common side ef... > **[Shooting at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's 10 metre air pistol](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_10_metre_air_pistol)** > > The men's 10 metre air pistol event at the 2008 Olympic Games took place on August 9 at the Beijing Shooting Range Hall, and was won by the reigning World champion, Pang Wei of the host country, who thus became the first male gold medal winner of the Beijing Olympics. > The event consisted of two rounds: a qualifier and a final. In the qualifier, each shooter fired 60 shots with an air pistol at 10 metres distance. Scores for each shot were in increments of 1, with a maximum score of 10. > The top ... > **[Time in China](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Standard_Time)** > > The time in China follows a single standard time offset of UTC+08:00, where Beijing is located, even though the country spans five geographical time zones. > The nationwide standardized time is named Beijing Time (BJT; 北京时间) domestically and China Standard Time (CST) internationally. Daylight saving time has not been observed since 1991. > China Standard Time (UTC+8) is consistent across Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. It is also equivalent with Philippines, Singapore, Brunei, mos... ---
**Author:** ![Saint\_Cad](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/saint_cad/32/18907_2.png) [@Saint\_Cad](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Saint_Cad)\ **Post date:** [October 9, 2024, 4:22pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/690 "2024-10-09T16:22:06Z")
> **[Time in China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_China)** > > The time in China follows a single standard time offset of UTC+08:00, where Beijing is located, even though the country spans five geographical time zones. > The nationwide standardized time is named Beijing Time (BJT; 北京时间) domestically and China Standard Time (CST) internationally. Daylight saving time has not been observed since 1991. > China Standard Time (UTC+8) is consistent across Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. It is also equivalent with Philippines, Singapore, Brunei, mos... > **[Irkutsk Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irkutsk_Time)** > > Irkutsk Time (IRKT) is the time zone eight hours ahead of UTC (UTC+08:00) and 5 hours ahead of Moscow Time (MSK+5). > The time zone covers Buryatia and Irkutsk Oblast. > On 27 March 2011, Russia moved to year-round daylight saving time. Instead of switching between UTC+08:00 in winter and UTC+09:00 in summer, Irkutsk Time became fixed at UTC+09:00 until 2014, when it was reset back to UTC+08:00 year-round. > **[Buryatia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buryatia)** > > Buryatia,\[a\] officially the Republic of Buryatia,\[b\] is a republic of Russia located in the Russian Far East. Formerly part of the Siberian Federal District, it has been administered as part of the Far Eastern Federal District since 2018. It borders Irkutsk Oblast and Lake Baikal, the deepest lake in the world to the north, Zabaykalsky Krai to the east, Tuva to the west and Mongolia to the south. Its capital is the city of Ulan-Ude. It has an area of 351,300 square kilometers (135,600 sq mi) The... ---
**Author:** ![Buck\_Godot](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/buck_godot/32/6573_2.png) [@Buck\_Godot](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Buck_Godot)\ **Post date:** [December 18, 2024, 7:19pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/691 "2024-12-18T19:19:18Z")
> **[Buryatia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buryatia)** > > Buryatia,\[a\] officially the Republic of Buryatia,\[b\] is a republic of Russia located in the Russian Far East. Formerly part of the Siberian Federal District, it has been administered as part of the Far Eastern Federal District since 2018. It borders Irkutsk Oblast and Lake Baikal, the deepest lake in the world to the north, Zabaykalsky Krai to the east, Tuva to the west and Mongolia to the south. Its capital is the city of Ulan-Ude. It has an area of 351,300 square kilometers (135,600 sq mi) The... > **[Slab-grave culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slab-grave_culture)** > > The Slab-grave culture is an archaeological culture of Late Bronze Age (LBA) and Early Iron Age Mongolia. The Slab-grave culture formed one of the primary ancestral components of the succeeding Xiongnu, as revealed by genetic evidence. The ethnogenesis of Turkic peoples and the modern Mongolian people is, at least partially, linked to the Slab-grave culture by historical and archaeological evidence and further corroborated by genetic research on Slab-grave remains. > The Slab-grave culture is da... > **[Gneiss](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gneiss)** > > Gneiss (/naɪs/ nice) is a common and widely distributed type of metamorphic rock. It is formed by high-temperature and high-pressure metamorphic processes acting on formations composed of igneous or sedimentary rocks. This rock is formed under pressures anywhere from 2 to 15 kbar, sometimes even more, and temperatures over 300 °C (572 °F). Gneiss nearly always shows a banded texture characterized by alternating darker and lighter colored bands and without a distinct cleavage. > Gneisses are common... ---
**Author:** ![Biotop](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/biotop/32/321_2.png) [@Biotop](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Biotop)\ **Post date:** [December 22, 2024, 2:40am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/692 "2024-12-22T02:40:47Z")
> **[Gneiss](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gneiss)** > > Gneiss (/naɪs/ nice) is a common and widely distributed type of metamorphic rock. It is formed by high-temperature and high-pressure metamorphic processes acting on formations composed of igneous or sedimentary rocks. This rock is formed under pressures anywhere from 2 to 15 kbar, sometimes even more, and temperatures over 300 °C (572 °F). Gneiss nearly always shows a banded texture characterized by alternating darker and lighter colored bands and without a distinct cleavage. > Gneisses are common... > **[Bahia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahia)** > > Bahia (.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}Portuguese: \[baˈiɐ\] ⓘ) is one of the 26 states of Brazil, located in the Northeast Region of the country. It is the fourth-largest Brazilian state by population (after São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro) and the 5th-largest by area. Bahia's capital is the city of Salvador (formerly know... > **[1798 Revolt of the Alfaiates](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1798_Revolt_of_the_Alfaiates)** > > The Bahian Conspiracy, also known as Revolt of the Tailors (after the trade of many of the leaders) and recently also called Revolt of Buzios, was a late eighteenth century slave rebellion in the then Captaincy of Bahia, in the State of Brazil. Unlike the Inconfidência Mineira of 1789, it was a separatist movement with a popular base and extensive black participation. > The objectives of the rebelling baianos were, according to Clóvis Moura \[pt\], "much more radical," and the proposal to liberate t... ---
**Author:** ![SCAdian](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/scadian/32/3292_2.png) [@SCAdian](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/SCAdian)\ **Post date:** [March 21, 2025, 6:18pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/693 "2025-03-21T18:18:40Z")
> **[1798 Revolt of the Alfaiates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1798_Revolt_of_the_Alfaiates)** > > The Bahian Conspiracy, also known as Revolt of the Tailors (after the trade of many of the leaders) and recently also called Revolt of Buzios, was a late eighteenth century slave rebellion in the then Captaincy of Bahia, in the State of Brazil. Unlike the Inconfidência Mineira of 1789, it was a separatist movement with a popular base and extensive black participation. > The objectives of the rebelling baianos were, according to Clóvis Moura \[pt\], "much more radical," and the proposal to liberate t... > **[French Revolution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Revolution)** > > The French Revolution (French: Révolution française \[ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz\]) was a period of political and societal change in France which began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the Coup of 18 Brumaire on 9 November 1799. Many of the revolution's ideas are considered fundamental principles of liberal democracy, and its values remain central to modern French political discourse. > The causes of the revolution were a combination of social, political, and economic factors which the a... > **[Coup of 18 Brumaire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_of_18_Brumaire)** > > The Coup of 18 Brumaire (French: Coup d'État du 18 Brumaire) brought Napoleon Bonaparte to power as First Consul of the French First Republic. In the view of most historians, it ended the French Revolution and would soon lead to the coronation of Napoleon as Emperor of the French. This bloodless coup d'état overthrew the Directory, replacing it with the French Consulate. This occurred on 9 November 1799, which was 18 Brumaire, Year VIII, under the short-lived French Republican calendar system. > ... ---
**Author:** ![Biotop](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/biotop/32/321_2.png) [@Biotop](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Biotop)\ **Post date:** [March 24, 2025, 3:07am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/694 "2025-03-24T03:07:56Z")
> **[Coup of 18 Brumaire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_of_18_Brumaire)** > > The Coup of 18 Brumaire (French: Coup d'État du 18 Brumaire) brought Napoleon Bonaparte to power as First Consul of the French First Republic. In the view of most historians, it ended the French Revolution and would soon lead to the coronation of Napoleon as Emperor of the French. This bloodless coup d'état overthrew the Directory, replacing it with the French Consulate. This occurred on 9 November 1799, which was 18 Brumaire, Year VIII, under the short-lived French Republican calendar system. ... > **[Château de Saint-Cloud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Saint-Cloud)** > > The château de Saint-Cloud (.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}French pronunciation: \[ʃato d(ə) sɛ̃ klu\]) was a château in France, built on a site overlooking the Seine at Saint-Cloud in Hauts-de-Seine, about 5 kilometres (3 miles) west of Paris. The gardens survive, and the estate is now known as the Parc de Saint-Cloud. > The château w... > **[Orangery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orangery)** > > An orangery or orangerie is a room or dedicated building, historically where orange and other fruit trees are protected during the winter, as a large form of greenhouse or conservatory. In the modern day an orangery could refer to either a conservatory or greenhouse built to house fruit trees, or a conservatory or greenhouse meant for another purpose. > The orangery provided a luxurious extension of the normal range and season of woody plants, extending the protection which had long been afforde... ---
**Author:** ![kenobi\_65](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/kenobi_65/32/13178_2.png) [@kenobi\_65](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/kenobi_65)\ **Post date:** [March 24, 2025, 3:10am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/695 "2025-03-24T03:10:47Z")
> **[Orangery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orangery)** > > An orangery or orangerie is a room or dedicated building, historically where orange and other fruit trees are protected during the winter, as a large form of greenhouse or conservatory. In the modern day an orangery could refer to either a conservatory or greenhouse built to house fruit trees, or a conservatory or greenhouse meant for another purpose. > The orangery provided a luxurious extension of the normal range and season of woody plants, extending the protection which had long been afforde... > **[Padua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padua)** > > Padua (/ˈpædjuə/ PAD-ew-ə; Italian: Padova \[ˈpaːdova\] ⓘ; Venetian: Pàdova, Pàdoa or Pàoa) is a city and comune (municipality) in Veneto, northern Italy, and the capital of the province of Padua. The city lies on the banks of the river Bacchiglione, 40 kilometres (25 miles) west of Venice and 29 km (18 miles) southeast of Vicenza, and has a population of 214,000 (as of 2011\[update\]). It is also the economic and communications hub of the area. Padua is sometimes included, with Venice and Treviso... > **[Nicolaus Copernicus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus)** > > Nicolaus Copernicus\[b\] (19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance polymath who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at its center. Copernicus likely developed his model independently of Aristarchus of Samos, an ancient Greek astronomer who had formulated such a model some eighteen centuries earlier.\[c\]\[d\]\[e\] > The publication of Copernicus' model in his book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres), just before... ---
**Author:** ![Saint\_Cad](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/saint_cad/32/18907_2.png) [@Saint\_Cad](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Saint_Cad)\ **Post date:** [March 24, 2025, 12:48pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/696 "2025-03-24T12:48:23Z")
> **[Nicolaus Copernicus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus)** > > Nicolaus Copernicus\[b\] (19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance polymath who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at its center. Copernicus likely developed his model independently of Aristarchus of Samos, an ancient Greek astronomer who had formulated such a model some eighteen centuries earlier.\[c\]\[d\]\[e\] > The publication of Copernicus' model in his book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres), just before... > **[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland)** > > The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (Polish: Korona Królestwa Polskiego; Latin: Corona Regni Poloniae) was a political and legal concept formed in the 14th century in the Kingdom of Poland, assuming unity, indivisibility and continuity of the state. Under this idea, the state was no longer seen as the patrimonial property of the monarch or dynasty, but became a common good of the political community of the kingdom. This notion allowed the state to maintain stability even during periods of inter > **[Piast dynasty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piast_dynasty)** > > The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 960–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of King Casimir III the Great. > Branches of the Piast dynasty continued to rule in the Duchy of Masovia (until 1526) and in the Duchies of Silesia until the last male Silesian Piast died in 1675. The Piasts intermarried with several noble lines of Europe, and possessed numerous titles, some within... ---
**Author:** ![gkster](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/gkster/32/14107_2.png) [@gkster](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/gkster)\ **Post date:** [March 27, 2025, 1:39am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/697 "2025-03-27T01:39:23Z")
> **[Piast dynasty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piast_dynasty)** > > The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 960–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of King Casimir III the Great. > Branches of the Piast dynasty continued to rule in the Duchy of Masovia (until 1526) and in the Duchies of Silesia until the last male Silesian Piast died in 1675. The Piasts intermarried with several noble lines of Europe, and possessed numerous titles, some within... > **[Władysław III Spindleshanks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_III_Spindleshanks)** > > Władysław III Spindleshanks (Polish: Władysław Laskonogi; b. 1161/67 – 3 November 1231), of the Piast dynasty, was Duke of Greater Poland (during 1194–1202 over all the land and during 1202–1229 only over the southern part), High Duke of Poland and Duke of Kraków during 1202–1206 and 1228–1231, Duke of Kalisz during 1202–1206, ruler of Lubusz during 1206–1210 and 1218–1225, and ruler over Gniezno during 1216–1217. > He was the fifth son of Mieszko III the Old, Duke of Greater Poland and since 1173... > **[Henry the Bearded](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_the_Bearded)** > > Henry the Bearded (Polish: Henryk (Jędrzych) Brodaty, German: Heinrich der Bärtige; c. 1165/70 – 19 March 1238) was a Polish duke from the Piast dynasty. > He was Duke of Silesia at Wrocław from 1201, Duke of Kraków and High Duke of all Poland – internally divided – from 1232 until his death. > Henry was the fourth son of Duke Bolesław I the Tall of Silesia, by his second wife Christina, probably a German. He was born in Głogów (Glogau), Lower Silesia. Henry's three older brothers Boleslaw, Conra... ---
**Author:** ![Biotop](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/biotop/32/321_2.png) [@Biotop](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Biotop)\ **Post date:** [March 30, 2025, 11:55am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/698 "2025-03-30T11:55:13Z")
> **[Henry the Bearded](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_the_Bearded)** > > Henry the Bearded (Polish: Henryk (Jędrzych) Brodaty, German: Heinrich der Bärtige; c. 1165/70 – 19 March 1238) was a Polish duke from the Piast dynasty. > He was Duke of Silesia at Wrocław from 1201, Duke of Kraków and High Duke of all Poland – internally divided – from 1232 until his death. > Henry was the fourth son of Duke Bolesław I the Tall of Silesia, by his second wife Christina, probably a German. He was born in Głogów (Glogau), Lower Silesia. Henry's three older brothers Boleslaw, Conra... > **[Battle of Legnica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Legnica)** > > 2,000-8,000 > 2nd invasion (1259–60) > 3rd invasion (1287–88) > **[Wenceslaus I of Bohemia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenceslaus_I_of_Bohemia)** > > Wenceslaus I (Czech: Václav I.; c. 1205 – 23 September 1253), called One-Eyed, was King of Bohemia from 1230 to 1253. > Wenceslaus was a son of Ottokar I of Bohemia and his second wife Constance of Hungary. > In 1224, Wenceslaus married Kunigunde of Hohenstaufen, third daughter of Philip of Swabia, King of Germany, and his wife Irene Angelina. Wenceslaus encouraged large numbers of Germans to settle in the villages and towns in Bohemia and Moravia. Stone buildings began to replace wooden ones in... ---
**Author:** ![Saint\_Cad](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/saint_cad/32/18907_2.png) [@Saint\_Cad](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Saint_Cad)\ **Post date:** [October 21, 2025, 2:31pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/699 "2025-10-21T14:31:21Z")
> **[Wenceslaus I of Bohemia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenceslaus_I_of_Bohemia)** > > Wenceslaus I (Czech: Václav I.; c. 1205 – 23 September 1253), called One-Eyed, was King of Bohemia from 1230 to 1253. > Wenceslaus was a son of Ottokar I of Bohemia and his second wife Constance of Hungary. > In 1224, Wenceslaus married Kunigunde of Hohenstaufen, third daughter of Philip of Swabia, King of Germany, and his wife Irene Angelina. Wenceslaus encouraged large numbers of Germans to settle in the villages and towns in Bohemia and Moravia. Stone buildings began to replace wooden ones in... > **[Rump state](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rump_state)** > > A rump state is the remnant of a once much larger state that was reduced in the wake of annexation, occupation, secession, decolonization, a successful coup d'état or revolution on part of its former territory. In the last case, a government stops short of going into exile because it controls parts of its remaining territories.\[citation needed\] > **[Qara Khitai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qara_Khitai)** > > The Qara Khitai, or Kara Khitai (simplified Chinese: 哈剌契丹; traditional Chinese: 喀喇契丹; pinyin: Kālā Qìdān or Chinese: 黑契丹; pinyin: Hēi Qìdān; lit. 'Black Khitan'), also known as the Western Liao (Chinese: 西遼; pinyin: Xī Liáo), officially the Great Liao (Chinese: 大遼; pinyin: Dà Liáo), was a dynastic regime based in Central Asia ruled by the Yelü clan of the Khitan people. Being a rump state of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty, Western Liao was culturally Sinicized to a large extent, especial The dynas... ---
**Author:** ![SCAdian](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/scadian/32/3292_2.png) [@SCAdian](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/SCAdian)\ **Post date:** [November 16, 2025, 1:50pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/700 "2025-11-16T13:50:45Z")
> **[Qara Khitai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qara_Khitai)** > > The Qara Khitai, or Kara Khitai (simplified Chinese: 哈剌契丹; traditional Chinese: 喀喇契丹; pinyin: Kālā Qìdān or Chinese: 黑契丹; pinyin: Hēi Qìdān; lit. 'Black Khitan'), also known as the Western Liao (Chinese: 西遼; pinyin: Xī Liáo), officially the Great Liao (Chinese: 大遼; pinyin: Dà Liáo), was a dynastic regime based in Central Asia ruled by the Yelü clan of the Khitan people. Being a rump state of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty, Western Liao was culturally Sinicized to a large extent, especial The dynas... > **[Anushtegin dynasty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anushtegin_dynasty)** > > The Anushtegin dynasty or Anushteginids (English: /ænuʃtəˈɡinid/, Persian: خاندان انوشتکین), also known as the Khwarazmian dynasty (Persian: خوارزمشاهیان) was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Turkic mamluk origin from the Bekdili clan of the Oghuz Turks. The Anushteginid dynasty ruled the Khwarazmian Empire, consisting in large parts of present-day Central Asia, Afghanistan and Iran in the approximate period of 1077 to 1231, first as vassals of the Seljuks and the Qara Khitai (Western The dynasty w... > **[Konye-Urgench](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konye-Urgench)** > > Konye-Urgench (Turkmen: Köneürgenç, کؤنه‌‌اۆرگنچ; Persian: کهنه گرگانج, romanized: Kuhna Gurgānj, lit. 'Old Gurgānj'), also known as Old Urgench or Urganj, was a city in north Turkmenistan, just south from its border with Uzbekistan. It is the site of the ancient town of Gurgānj, which contains the ruins of the capital of Khwarazm. Its inhabitants deserted the town in the early eighteenth century in order to develop a new settlement, and Konye-Urgench has remained undisturbed ever since. In 2005,... ---
**Author:** ![Biotop](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/biotop/32/321_2.png) [@Biotop](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Biotop)\ **Post date:** [December 29, 2025, 10:22pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660/701 "2025-12-29T22:22:28Z")
> **[Konye-Urgench](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konye-Urgench)** > > Konye-Urgench (Turkmen: Köneürgenç, کؤنه‌‌اۆرگنچ; Persian: کهنه گرگانج, romanized: Kuhna Gurgānj, lit. 'Old Gurgānj'), also known as Old Urgench or Urganj, was a city in north Turkmenistan, just south from its border with Uzbekistan. It is the site of the ancient town of Gurgānj, which contains the ruins of the capital of Khwarazm. Its inhabitants deserted the town in the early eighteenth century in order to develop a new settlement, and Konye-Urgench has remained undisturbed ever since. In 2005,... > **[Defensive wall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defensive_wall)** > > A defensive wall is a fortification usually used to protect a city, town or other settlement from potential aggressors. The walls can range from simple palisades or earthworks to extensive military fortifications such as curtain walls with towers, bastions and gates for access to the city. From ancient to modern times, they were used to enclose settlements. Generally, these are referred to as city walls or town walls, although there were also walls, such as the Great Wall of China, Walls of Be Ex... > **[Nördlingen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B6rdlingen)** > > Nördlingen (.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}German: \[ˈnœʁtlɪŋən\] ⓘ; Alemannic German: Nearle or Nerle) is a town in the Donau-Ries district, in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany, with a population of approximately 20,674. It is located approximately 115 km (71 mi) east of Stuttgart, and 145 km (90 mi) northwest of Munich. It was built in an i... [Previous page](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660.md?page=34) [Next page](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/a-stroll-through-wikipedia/830660.md?page=36)