Advertising had little effect on the 2012 election

I don’t remember any ads for Senator Feinstein’s re-election campaign in California in 2012.

Then again, that may have been in response to the Republicans in 2008 not running any ads (including at least one opportunity to run a free one) against Senator Boxer, which gave them quite a bit of extra money - presumably, quite a bit of it being used on last-second campaigning in Ohio.

Yeah I can - in that that’s what I think was meant by those terms. But I can’t speak for someone else.

Okay, let’s put it this way - effective ads are effective, ineffective ads aren’t. The point is that some ads work and some don’t, and so you can’t just count the effect by counting how much money was spent on ads.

Feinstein was leading her opponent by a large margin. She didn’t need to run many ads. Still, she did run them statewide. Her total spending was $12 million, but I didn’t look up how much was for ads.