On February 15, 1898, after being dispatched to Cuba as part of a force assigned to protect US interests during the Cuban rebellion against Spain, the armored cruiser USS Maine exploded in Havana Bay and sunk. 261 sailors and marines lost their lives.
Although it was not clear that the explosion was caused by any outside hostile agency*, newspapers in the US, particularly William Randolph Hearst’s New York Journal and Joseph Pulitzer’s New York World which were competing for subscribers, immediately blamed Spain and began printing false claims of Spanish atrocities and fabricated “facts” surrounding the sinking of the Maine and the fictionalized perfidies of the Spanish. This “yellow journalism” was denounced and eschewed by some at the time - including Victor Lawson, owner of the Chicago Reader - but had at least some impact on popular sentiment against Spain, and a more significant influence on opinion among government officials.
At the same time, US Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt, who had long felt a good war against any foreign power would help heal the wounds of the US Civil War and strengthen both the US Navy and US foreign influence, leveraged the momentum provided by the eastern newspapers and agitated for a military response, undercutting President McKinley’s efforts to find a negotiated solution.
On April 20, 1898 McKinley signed a joint resolution from Congress demanding that Spain withdraw from Cuba and authorizing the unlimited use of US military forces to achieve Cuban independence. Spain broke off diplomatic relations with the US and on April 22 declared war, officially beginning the Spanish-American War.
Although the war lasted a scant four months, it effectively turned the United States into an international military power and substantially boosted Roosevelt’s political fortunes through sensational newspaper accounts of his exploits as commander of the Rough Riders. Roosevelt had also shown acute political acumen in predicting the consequences and effects of the war.
Ten years later, observing the anniversary of the sinking of the Maine, when it was still largely believed that Spain had actively sunk the vessel, would it have been out of place for a columnist to have noted and lamented the self serving propaganda of Hearst, Pulitzer and Roosevelt, and to feel that the combined 16,000 US, Spanish and Cuban deaths in the war somewhat overshadowed the losses suffered in Havana Bay on that day in February 1898?
*[sub]Subsequent investigations over the next 100 years have produced a consensus view that spontaneous combustion of coal stores adjacent to the ship’s forward munitions battery was the most probable cause of the explosion.[/sub]