I can’t comment on the more recent stuff, as my favorite period is the so-called “Golden Age” of Sci-Fi, up into the 50s. Nowdays, when I go to the Science Fiction section of the bookstore, what I mostly see is Sword-and-Sorcery Fantasy. Yuk.
Anyway, my recommendations for some of the older stuff (these are actually novellas–my library mostly consists of anthologies):
The Weapon Shops of Isher–A. E. Van Vogt
Re-Birth–John Wyndham
The Stars My Destination–Alfred Bester
anything by Lewis Padgett (pseudonym of Harry Kuttner)–for stories with an ironic or humorous bent
Way too many short stories to include here.