The LDS have the Book of Mormon as scripture. There’s no equivalent among Protestant sects. Protestants base their religious beliefs on the Old and New Testament.
And Doctrine and Covenants and Pearl of Great Price.
My Latin is crap; what’s the plural of sola scriptura? 
.
That would surprise me very much.
Huh. I googled and apparently many Orthodox churches in the English world often use KJV. Today I learned… I’m not sure how that worked with deuterocanonical books not in the KJV.
I don’t think that the best way to define broad religious groups is by beliefs, which will have had time to vary significantly, but by history. The Protestants are simply the churches that descended from those who broke off from the Catholic Church during the Protestant Reformation.
Mormonism historically claimed to have been a new revelation, not coming descending from any other Church, save possibly the very early Catholic church. As such, they are not Protestants.
As for whether they are Christian, I think there’s really only one definition we can agree on, no matter what our beliefs, and that would to let them define themselves. We can check how strongly they follow what they claim to believe, but we can’t really say they don’t really believe.
I won’t say that Mormon’s are “saved.” I don’t know. But I will say they are Christians, because any other attempt at a definition is an arbitrary line we can’t really agree on. We can agree that they call themselves Christians.
The Apocrypha was also translated for the KJV.
I like this chart in Wiki showing the different Protestant branches and roughly when they started: Christianity - Wikipedia.
Mormons aren’t there, anywhere.
That statue of Jesus is in the Temple Square North Visitors’ Center in Salt Lake City:
It’s one of the three statements which traditionally define Lutheranism and many other reformed churches:
• sola scriptura - by the Bible alone, rejecting other sources for Church dogma, such as the writings of the patristic fathers and tradition, which are accepted by the Roman Catholic Church;
• sola fide - by faith alone. Luther’s doctrine that we are justified by faith alone;
• sola gratia - that we are saved by the grace of God alone.
See the wiki article: Five solae - Wikipedia
You left out sola denarius. Saved by money. 
(As I hope is clear above, I’m well aware of the three/five solae. I was merely failing to make a joke about the LDS scriptures being considerably plural.)
.
Opinions vary. For what it’s worth, the Catholic church does NOT regard Mormons as Christians.
What difference does that make? Not much, just this: an Episcopalian, a Methodist, a Baptist or a Presbyterian who wanted to become Catholic would NOT need a Catholic Baptism. The Baptisms given by their churches are regarded as valid.
But a Mormon who wanted to convert would have to be baptized.
I don’t think that ist quite right. The reason you need to be baptized if you convert from Mormonism is because there is a “significant defect in the intentions of the minister.” I don’t think they have an official take on whether Mormons are Christian, but the baptism thing is that the theological intent of baptism is different enough for Mormons that you need to get re-sprinkled.
Yes, but the Greek Orthodox canon has one book that the KJV did not translate: 3 Maccabees. To answer the implied question, I tried to look up where they got their English translation of that, but found no definitive answers. I do note that, despite not being canon for Catholics, it does seem to be available several “Catholic” versions.
My understanding is that all baptisms that invoke the Trinity (i.e. “I baptize you in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit/Ghost”) are considered valid, but those that don’t are not. And Mormons do not adhere to the Trinity, seeing Jesus and Heavenly Father as separate beings.
The Pentecostal Oneness Movement I believe also doesn’t qualify. They believe in “Jesus-only” baptism, as they say that Jesus is the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, all in one.
OK, we’re definitely getting into Monty Python territory here. 
I would consider Protestant churches to be non-Catholic churches which still adhere to the Nicene Creed: that there is a holy trinity and that Jesus was the son of God, died for our sins, was raised from the dead on the third day and then ascended to heaven until the final judgment. My understanding is that Mormons do not believe in the Trinity and believe that Jesus left heaven following the ascension to spread his teachings in America. Those beliefs are in conflict with the Nicene Creed and so Mormons may arguably be Christian but they are not Protestant.
Which doesn’t mean that the Catholic Church doesn’t consider them Christians, but that they would need to be baptized to convert, since their first baptism didn’t adhere to Catholic standards.
To the best of my knowledge, the current Catholic church tries to stay out of defining other people’s religions.
To perform a Mormon baptism , one who is authorized says:
That’s the faith of county clerk Kim Davis. I didn’t see it come up in the news at all, but it seems that you can practice what’s essentially the reason that LDS, JW, et al. are rejected. But I guess you get in the cool kids club if you don’t let gays marry.