My apologies…
The one that immediately pops to mind is much-reviled-these-days-for-extremely-good-reason Marion Zimmer’s Bradley’s 1962 novel The Sword of Aldones, which she completely rewrote as Sharra’s Exile in 1981. It was obvious why it was rewritten - the difference in quality is quite substantial. The first one flat-out sucked IMHO ( Hugo nomination or not ), the second was actually decent.
I think sf/f as genre is going to dominate this question, because so many novellas were rewritten into books and books revised at later, more fruitful dates.
Clarke rewrote* The City and the Stars* from Against the Fall of Night, and IIRC there was at least one other book he rewrote late in his career.
Heinlein significantly rewrote some of the prewar novellas into novels in the 1950s.
Will Self’s *Dorian, an Imitation * is an update of Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray to modern times.
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Incidentally, if you compare T.H. White’s original version of the free-standing novel The Sword in the Stone with the first “book” of his novel The Once and Future King, you’ll see that, while basically the same novel, the one incorporated into the larger novel has been substantially altered, with much of the wit, asides, and entire sections and characters removed.
I would consider this a remake more than some of the other examples.
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See post #7
No he didn’t, unless you’re using different definitions than I am. Which ones?
Add to that list Jean Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea, which tells the story of Jane Eyre’s Mr. Rochester from the viewpoint of his first wife.
Also, this happens a lot with scriptural and epic narrative, though I don’t know that that exactly counts as “novels”. Compare the so-called “synoptic Gospels” of the life of Jesus in the New Testament, or the narratives of the prophets in the Bible and the Qur’an, or the different versions of the “lingodbhava” story in the Hindu Puranas, etc.
For actual novels, consider the case of the Elsie Dinsmore books, a set of conservative Christian didactic novels for young people originally published in the 19th century and recently abridged and adapted for modern conservative Christian audiences.
Then there are parody/porn versions of well-known novels, a few of which are mentioned here. But if what you’re looking for is genuine remakes sincerely attempting to “reboot” a beloved original, you’re probably best off looking at novels several decades old being given a modern dress.
Not sure whether this is what you’re looking for, but one of the central stories of Doctorow’s *Ragtime *(the tale of Coalhouse Walker and his car and the escalation of hostilities over what seemed a rather small incident) was essentially a rewrite/reworking of German writer Heinrich von Kleist’s 1811 novella Michael Kohlhaas. Updated for early twentieth century America rather than longer-ago Europe.
Hmm, there are apparently quite a few of these.
I came to also say the Magus, but will add Neil Gaiman’s American Gods, which he updated in 2011 for a 10th anniversary with 12,000 additional words. I’ve now read both versions of this, but it was far enough apart that I have no concept about what exactly was changed.
William Peter Blatty (The Exorcist) rewrote “Twinkle, Twinkle, Killer Kane” as “The Ninth Configuration”. I liked the first version better.
The biter bit. Missed your post. 
Um, “If This Goes On–” was considerably rewritten and expanded from the 1940 serial to the 1953 book collection. “Methuselah’s Children” is notably changed between original serial and book collection as well.
A considerable number of the prewar stories were significantly rewritten for later book collection as well, although I realize we’re talking about novels here.
I’d have to review my notes to list more, but this is hardly obscure information.
George MacDonald Fraser’s Royal Flash is essentially The Prisoner of Zenda as Hope ought to have written it.
Occasionally authors who get greater fame will re-do earlier works that they didn’t care for the earlier editing on but which, at the time, they didn’t have enough weight to fight. But I can’t come up with an example now
But I do know that F. Paul Wilson rereleased “The Tomb” in a “definitive author’s edition”, basically updating reference, say, to Johnny Carson with Jay Leno instead. He also revised and expanded “Nightworld” so that it capped two ongoing series rather than just one.
Stephen King’s Salem’s Lot is a blatant remake of Bram Stoker’s Dracula albeit setting it in America and the present day (as of when it was written.)
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I came into this thread to mention that book, so cough up the anecdote!
Stephen King has two different-ish versions of his own book “The Stand”.
I think this is a category that doesn’t count - books first published in a drastically edited firm and then in uncut form. Not really “remade.”
Ditto for the two versions of Stranger in a Strange Land.