Also, keep in mind that there are languages that do not have both capital and small letters, and, of course, many languages that do not really have letters at all.
To be nitpicking on that: Not every “von” in a German name indicates nobility (or, more correctly, former nobility, since Germany abolished its nobility in 1919 and now treats the former titles as just part of a person’s name). There’s a number of families carrying “von” in their name that are not, and have never in the past, been part of the aristocracy; in these cases, the “von” has historically evolved as part of the tendency of turning descriptors of people (what they looked like, where they came from, what they did etc.) into inheritable family names. It’s even more common in Dutch, where a lot of people have a “van” in their names without any aristocratic background at all.
Chinese “first” names will often be two characters, and there really isn’t a standard on treating them as separate words, capitalizing both or as one word and capitalizing only the initial when writing in the Roman alphabet. Japanese have standardized on treating them as one word.