Super glue will do the job, it can be removed with a solvent. Epoxy can be softened with heat to do the same thing. Many other glues have those options where a specific time until release isn’t needed. There are also numerous clamping systems for odd shaped objects like that including vacuum holders.
I can think of a number of prank uses for a time release glue though.
I have heard, but cannot personally confirm, that the addition of alcohol to hide glue will cause the glue to become brittle and lead to breakdown of the joint. This was in the context of a warning not to apply shellac over a joint glued with hide glue. Hide glue also softens with heat, like ‘hot glue’ does.
I’ll add to the other voices asking for more specifics. It’s one thing to want a lid to stay put under vibration or against gravity until you take a wrench or solvent to it later; it’s another thing to want a watertight seal that holds an aquarium together for a week before it spontaneously decomposes and floods your enemy’s rec room, or a time capsule that resists all efforts to open it, but just for a week.