History Channel had a program about the real Deadwood, in which the accuracy of the language depicted in the HBO version was discussed. Both David Milch and a historical linguist were interviewed, and I believe the conclusion was that the word “cocksucker” was used at the time, albeit in a much more literal context.
I also recall an interview with Ian McShane, in which he talked about alternate dialogue for a theoretical syndicated version of Deadwood. He suggested “cockroach” as a substitute.
If you have the first season DVD set, there is an extra on the bonus features disk that discusses the language on the show. Other than the curse words, David Milch discusses the language in general and that just about all of it was made more modern, since the language back then was much more florid.
Liked the show, loved Joanie, Trixie, Alma, Sol and not a few others…but I agree about the flowery dialogue. If I heard the word ‘thoroughfare’ one more time…