It is a common misconception that the price of an item is based on the cost the store bears for that item. While some smaller shops may determine their prices by what their costs are (it’s an easy way to do it), more often than not the price is determined by what the market will bear. Even the small shops will routinely check for comparative prices at other businesses and, if they find that their price is significantly lower than the competition (or higher), they are likely to change their price to match the going price, regardless what it cost them. If they raise their price (and are able to replace their stock at their old cost), they just keep the difference. If they have to drop their price to remain competitive and are unable to replace the stock at a lower cost, they discontinue the item. Of course, this ignores special situations such as loss leaders or promotional programs designed to generate responses from the customers instead of profit. These special situations, in a way, prove the premise that the sales price is not simply a function of the store’s cost but, rather, reflect what the buying public is willing to pay.
So, no, a store is not going to lower (or raise) it’s prices in direct response to shoplifting (or varying utility costs, or even real estate costs). Their prices are going to be based on what their sales/marketing group has decided will generate the highest profits. If a store’s business model is to be a low-price, high volume supplier, they are likely to do things to keep their overhead low such as locate in the low-rent district, operate low-cost, low-maintenance facilities, outwardly deter theft, as well as keep wages and staffing as low as they can. Perhaps some of these actions are more theater than substance, such as the receipt checkers or industrial lighting and warehouse shelving seen at stores such as Costco. But, even if it is theater it doesn’t mean it has no function or does not produce desired outcomes. For example with the receipt checkers, they may not catch many shop-lifters, but merely their presence prevents many would-be thieves from even trying.
Of course, if you don’t want to shop at a business that engage in such practices, you don’t have to. Not all businesses have a low-price, high volume supplier business model. You can shop at other stores where a salesperson will interact with you directly, answer every question you may have, behave in a polite and courteous manner, and allow you free and unfettered egress once you have paid for your merchandise. See JC Penny, Macy’s, and smaller specialty shops. In general, however, it seems the buying public is more than willing to put up with many minor inconveniences in the name of lower prices, which is why such businesses are in decline.
Of course, you will always have people who want it both ways. Those who want low prices, but don’t want to wait in lines and deal with receipt checkers, or will complain loudly when they don’t get the service they want in a discount store.