Liechtenstein is named after the family that purchased it, not vice versa.
Maryland was named after a Queen Consort, not the monarch. (Queen Henrietta Marie, wife of King Charles I).
New York’s state capital was also named after James, under his additional title of Duke of Albany.
Houston was named after Sam Houston, President of the Republic of Texas.
Too many cities in India to name. India itself is a western name to denote the lands east of the Indus River.
The Official name for India in Hindi (one of the native languages) is Bharat, named after a king of lore / legend. Bharata (Mahabharata) - Wikipedia
Ciudad Juarez in Mexico is named after President Benito Juarez.
Balboa in Panama (once a town in the Canal Zone, now a district of Panama City) is named after Vasco Nunez de Balboa, who was de facto governor of the colony in its earliest years (although without official royal authority).
Sucre, the capital of Bolivia, is named after Antonio José de Sucre, one of Bolivar’s lieutenants, and its first President.
Georgetown, capital of Guyana, was named after King George III.
Port Louis, capital of Mauritius, is named after King Louis XV of France.
Also Victoria, capital of the Seychelles, and Victoria, capital of British Columbia.
The capital of Saskatchewan, Regina, is also named for Victoria Regina, as is the state of Queensland in Australia, and indirectly Queenstown, New Zealand (by way of Queenstown, Ireland, now Cobh).
A German city named after a leader is Wilhelmshaven, which was named in 1869 after King Wilhelm I of Prussia, who became Kaiser Willhelm I two years later after the foundation of the German empire.
Abbottabad in Pakistan (erstwhile home of Osama Bin Laden) was named after Maj. James Abbott, the founder of the city and British administrator of the region.
Austin, Texas is named after Stephen F. Austin, the “Father of Texas”, and the first American to get a land grant in Texas from the Spanish government. I suppose he counts. Houston’s already been mentioned.
There’s also Madison, WI, Jackson, MS and Jefferson City, MO.
Cleveland, OH is named after Moses Cleaveland, the leader of the surveying company who laid out/founded the city.
And after Wilhelmshaven, I thought of Friedrichshafen, which was named after King Friedrich I of Württemberg.
Prince Rupert, British Columbia, is named after Prince Rupert of the Rhine, first governor of the Hudson’s Bay Company, which was the defacto government of much of Canada (although not I think where Prince Rupert is).
Foreign places names after US Presidents:
Monrovia, Liberia. He didn’t found the country but supported its mission.
Presidente Hayes Department, and its capital Villa Hayes. After losing one of the most brutal wars in history, Paraguay got a decent amount of its territory restored as negotiated by RBH.
I went to college in Rensselaer County, New York, which was named for the Dutch patroon in the area. And there are other places in New York State named for the patroons, like Bronx, named for Jonas Bronck.
Jamestown, Virginia, is named after King James I, and Williamsburg after William III. Baltimore is named after Lord Baltimore, the first proprietor of the Maryland colony.
And to complete the circle, the Washington family took their name from the manor of Washington in northern England, where George Washington’s ancestors were Lords of the Manor in the Middle Ages.
For a really convoluted one, Richmond, Virginia is named after Richmond, Surrey, which got its name from Richmond Palace, which was built there by King Henry VII and named after his former earldom of Richmond.
(The original Richmond is in Yorkshire, but I can’t find any evidence that Henry VII had any connection to it bar holding the title).
And then if you go back even further, Washington itself, like many other -ing names, probably meant something like “Town where Wassa’s people live”.
Eswatini, formerly known as Swaziland, was named after Mswati, a 19th century ruler in that region.
Raleigh NC and there is Raleigh ,WV too , probably others.
Zaragoza, Spain is named after the Roman Emperor Caesar Augustus, said very quickly.