Yeah, same here. The company I work for does both, but I’m in subs, not CC.
So whoever transcribed Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country and put the actual Klingonese into the subtitles probably had the script at hand.
I don’t know about 1986, but I’m guessing nowadays they have an electronic version of the script, and they can just copy/paste the lines into the correct places on the timeline.
I create video tutorials for my day job, and I do my own voiceovers. I match up the voice to the video. Were I to do captioning also, I would copy a sentence out of my script file (just a Word .doc) and paste it into the caption area, then line it up with the audio. The audio shows up as peaks on the timeline, so it’s very easy to line it up.
I can’t picture them making people type those things when the technology is available to have them do it faster and more accurately. It would just save them money and put out a better end product.
The company I work for has done work on Star Trek, so I can’t discuss specifics, but when there is a lot of foreign dialogue in languages for which it is hard to find qualified translators and QA people, the text generally will come straight from the studio itself (presumably from the shooting script), not some third-party transcribers. Subtitlers and captioners are not at liberty to create their own scripts in these cases.