Conspiracy theories need trust in government in order to thrive.

Not true. People can have different and contradictory ideas about the nature of the conspiracy explaining any given event. They can believe their own and dismiss the others as conspiracies.

Is one of the facets you are looking for maybe that the government can protect you from a worse form of government? Like the Communism/ Red Scare?

“Communism taking over the world” seems to have a conspiracy flavor to it, with its rabidly hyperbolic “what if?” fears. The US engaged in war with Vietnam because one of the beliefs was that if Vietnam fell under communism, it would spread and eventually reach the US. Many US people wanted the government to intervene in Vietnam and some of them accused the protestors of the war just short of wanting a Pol-Pot-level overthrow in the US.

The debate over security measures after 9/11 also frequently might run into conspiracy beliefs, though the argument is at what point does “preparing for the worst possible outcome” become a conspiracy theory.

This is murkier territory than UFO crash coverups, because tyrannical regimes and terrorists indisputably exist, however, examples like “Anyone who is a foreigner is a terrorist and should be locked up” enters into conspiracy thinking.