Cousteau's SCUBA equipment

What is a rebreather? I found this article.

Measure for Measure: While I did notice the lack of BCs in the documentaries, I’d never noticed they were missing in dramatic films. Did they use them in Sea Hunt?

hlanelee: I’d always thought of “Mae Wests” as being the flotation device for WWII pilots. When I was diving before, the instructor called them “horse collars”. (At the time, “everyone” used jacket-type BCs; but the rentals were horse collars.)

So when did BCs become the norm? Who developed them?