Not that Bentley’s guilt or innocence really makes much difference to my argument, but you could not possibly be more wrong.
Bentley was convicted of the murder of Sidney Miles. Miles was a police officer who interrupted Bentley (along with his 16 year old friend Chris Craig) during the course of an armed burglary. Miles was actually shot by Craig, and this was never in dispute. However, Craig, as a legal minor, could not receive the death penalty. Bentley, on the other hand, was over 18 and thus eligible.
The decision was made to charge Bentley with capital murder, rather than a lesser crime such as manslaughter. In fact, manslaughter was actually not a legal option. The reason for this lies in the (subsequently abolished) British legal doctrine of “Constructive malice”.
Constructive malice was a legal doctrine which stated that ‘malice aforethought’, the mental element for capital murder, could be attributed to a defendant if a death occurred during the commission of another felony. In other words, if a person was killed by a defendant during the commission of a felony, even if the killing was accidental or an act of blind impulse, that defendant could be charged with murder in the first degree (which requires premeditation) because, although he didn’t plan the murder, he did plan the crime which led to the murder.
Constructive malice was used to charge Bentley with capital murder. Bentley was subsequently found guilty and executed. The fact that the actual murder was committed by Chris Craig was not legally relevant.
However, and here’s the point, in this case constructive malice was misapplied! In order for constructive malice to have been be fairly applied, the Crown needed to prove that Bentley knew in advance that Craig had a gun. The 1998 High Court ruling concluded that not only had the prosecution failed to prove this, but that the Judge in the trial had not made it clear to the jury that this was one of the prosecutor’s key responsibilities.
In his summation of the acquittal, the Lord Chief Justice referred to a separate case in which two men had conspired to rob a third. One of the men committed the robbery while the other remained parked down the street in a getaway car. The man who took the money actually killed their victim. Both defendants confirmed that the level of force used in the robbery was far greater than that which they had previously agreed upon. Therefore, the getaway driver was not charged with murder, because constructive malice could not be proven, because the getaway driver didn’t know in advance what level of force his accomplice would ultimately end up using.
Similar reasoning applies to the Bentley case. The prosecution could not prove that Bentley had any knowledge that Craig was carrying a gun. Therefore, they could not demonstrate that he had anticipated the likely consequences of a gun being used during the commission of the robbery. Such a demonstration was necessary for constructive malice to apply, and so the prosecution was unsound.
Put plainly, the Lord Chief Justice concluded that if Bentley were tried today, under the exact same rules which applied at the time, he would not have been found guilty of a capital crime. Robbery, definitely. Manslaughter, almost certainly. But not murder in the first degree. Therefore, he was wrongly executed, even by the standards of the time.
But this is all a big digression as far as I’m concerned, anyway. The central point is that in a state which employs the death penalty, the execution of innocents is a statistical inevitability.