Metal spikes aren’t out of the question - they can be used to shape the rupture, as you note, either to plug directly (though I’ve never heard of a direct metal plug, it could be made to work), or to shape the opening to accept a soft wood plug, or to fair the lips of the rupture to allow other kinds of patching to take place.
In general, there are a number of means for controling a ruprure: Cut it off via valves is the first and most desireable method, then weld the hole shut if you can. Failing that, an Adams or Mormon Clamp would be a good choice, or failing that, strap a strongback to it. Or if you can’t get a strongback in place, used a soft patch. Along the way, you’ll want to do everything you can to minimize the flow through the rupture, minimized the area of the rupture, and smooth the edged of the rupture.
Methods for reducing surface area includes pounding any raised lips back down (also smooths lip edges - bonus!) with mallets and hammers, fitting appropriate-sized wedges and plugs into the gap, and so on. The plugs and wedges are then cut off flush with the surface, and the remaining patching techniques are put into play.
Once all leaks are stopped, you can take a look at restoring some systems to function with more perminant repairs. Bypassing, welding, brazing, clamps, plastic (fibreglass) patches, strongbacks, and yes, even the soft patch, may all be used to restore a damaged system to some level of functional utility.
edit:
Damaged structures can be shored up by a number of means, including wooden beams, expandible metal shores, or whatever improvised method seems mostly likely. This is art and science backed by many hours of practice, backed by years of experience.
Hull ruptures can have box patches welded (for metal boxes) or shored (of wood or metal) into place, or mattresses can be shored into place, or mattresses can be faired over thehole from the ourtside, or even a good canvas tarp faired over a hole from the outrside, all can reduce incoming flooding to a degree that pumps can handle it. Those extermal measures, or course, require that no hostile force be nearby. If all eles fails, a space can be isolated by its watertight hatches, and thoe hatches shored up. That last, of course, is a desperate move.