Johannes Werner published some lunar distance stuff in 1524, so Columbus would not have had access to that. He is known to have carried at least this
which has lunar positions (however with occasional errors of a degree or more!!) but it does not matter since with that particular method you need pretty accurate angular measurement, like less than a minute; if we are talking on the order of half a degree then you may as well not even bother.
This article
claims Columbus obtained “not even bother” accuracy when he tried observing a lunar eclipse on 14 September 1494 and one on 29 February 1504, and makes the argument that Columbus did not use lunar-planetary conjunctions with any success to determine longitude.