Do they offer licenses for really specific vehicles?

I think it would be only the Coast Guard. That is unless it was behind a some sort of coffer dam where it could not go up and down the river.

Size matters; does method of propulsion? I heard of someone whose license was “unlimited master; motor, steam, or sail”. He’s Canadian, so they may do it differently there.

When I did, you’d start with “airplane, single-engine, land”. There was an endorsement for high-performance airplanes (retractable landing gear, adjustable-pitch propeller), and licenses for multi-engine, seaplanes, hot-air balloons, and airships. You also needed extra training and tests for flying in bad weather or to get paid for it.

My license is “Steam and Motor Vessels any Horsepower” It is possible to fail the one section of the test and get a license for only steam or motor.