Does the US media ignore environmental issues?

Droughts are one of those things that come and go. The fact that this year happens to be a drought year does not automatically mean that global warming is responsible.

However, droughts do seem to have been on the rise in recent decades, and there is a connection between human activity and these droughts. But it’s not global warming. Or ozone depletion, or deforestation, or red meat, or any of the other indirect factors that eco-alarmists like to point to as the cause of all the ills in the world. The connection is simply that (A) the average person uses more water today than (s)he did a century ago, and (B) there are a lot of farms in arid environments nowadays that consume just oodles of reservoir water, whereare farms a century ago relied primarily on rain falling directly onto their crops.

In other words, the issue isn’t environmentally destructive practices, it’s simply a lack of conservation.

<snicker>
I think conservation has been a big issue with those “eco-alarmists” for quite some time.
Interesting you would talk about drought as a result draining aquifers though. That only seems like it would bring more moisture into the atmosphere. I heard global warming would do the same due to melting ice caps. My WAG is that we’re seeing an overall shifting of normal weather patterns leading to droughts, floods, abnormal highs and lows.

Mandelstam I can see that there can be conflicts of interest created by corporate media. There have been times when I’ve felt that news coverage was slanted in certain ways that I found distasteful. But then again, would we have heard about the WTO protest if certain people weren’t smashing windows? I would have liked to have seen more insight into why so many people were there peacefully, that was the corporate slant I suppose. But there are some things that would’t make the news whether it really favors some people or not.

I don’t think environmental issues are being singled out for exclusion. There are a lot of important things going on that most people don’t know about yet will eventually effect their lives. There are plenty of issues that are just too complex for the modern attention span.

I don’t think we can put all of the blame on the media. Look at a movie from the fifties. Notice how it is paced, how long scenes are, how slowly tension builds and things happen. Then watch a modern thriller like “Speed” where the action is ever present. Our media happens at lightning speed. Our attention spans are short. I don’t think this is just because that’s what’s being fed to us. It’s because it’s more exciting and more titilating format.

At any point, we could all stop watching tv, but we don’t. The american public is addicted not force-fed.

It seems to be a thin and fuzzy line between what you’ve called ‘environmentally destructive practices’ and ‘lack of conservation.’ Could you distinguish between these two a bit more–I’m just not seeing much of a difference when considered on a regional/national/global scale.

Tracer if your point is that droughts are caused by each of us using more water and a large number of farms in arid environments, I’d tend to disagree. I don’t contest the suggestion that the average person uses more water now than 50(?) or 100(?) years ago. I’m just not convinced that that ranks higher on ‘causes’ of droughts. Further, farms requiring substantial irrigation are falling by the wayside (at least in the US). The states west of the 100th meridian (which have typically been the driest) have detailed legislation in place concerning water rights. However, the ‘New West’, as it’s being called by some, finds itself becoming more and more defined by tourism than traditional land uses, such as grazing and agriculture.

Me? Environmentalist–yes. Eco-alarmist–I don’t think so, but who’d admit to that anyway? Does global warming contribute to an increase in droughts? I’d say yes it does based on my knowledge of hydrology as it affects forest ecosystems. Of course, doubt remains if we are in fact experiencing global warming. And further doubt remains if any global warming human induced. Similarly, deforestation is a genuine concern in some areas. Cutting multi-age class complex forests and replanting with fast growing monocultures should not represent a no-net-loss of forest. These monocultures ‘hold’ far less water in the soil and in the vegetation than do more complex forests. So I’d say that deforestation likewise may be a contributing factor of droughts in some areas.

jharding, I don’t disagree with you about forest management policies and their link to wildfires. I just meant that, when your house is in the line of a wildfire that’s expected to hit it in 4-5 hours, what you want to see on television in emergency evacuation information, not a debate between the head of the Park Service and a representative from Earth First. :smiley:

Mandelstam’s post goes further towards examining the topic of why many issues are not reported on in the mass mainstream media at all, or buried on page B25. A few generations of FCC commissioners who seem to have no concept of what the term “in the public interest” means – including current chairman Michael “Whatever you want, Clear Channel!” Powell – is the best place to start looking for an explanation to that. The barriers to entry in the broadcasting and cable industries are currently set up to, for all intents and purposes, prevent any new entries. (See the squabble over the last three years over low-power FM broadcasters for an example.)

There is an interesting book on this (which I need to reread) by John Kingdon. He’s an academic but his book is very readable. he describes how among the many many issues that are out there, a select few become “important” and part of the public agenda. It’s called “Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies.” Check in your library because it’s a pricy book.

I don’t know what comes first: public apathy or the media’s lack of emphasis. We tend to quantify what we think is important. Look at what we report numbers on: crime statistics, the stock market. But you know, there are plenty of “numbers” that have to do with the environment that they could report regularly (but don’t).

perspective:Mandelstam I can see that there can be conflicts of interest created by corporate media. There have been times when I’ve felt that news coverage was slanted in certain ways that I found distasteful. But then again, would we have heard about the WTO protest if certain people weren’t smashing windows? I would have liked to have seen more insight into why so many people were there peacefully, that was the corporate slant I suppose. But there are some things that would’t make the news whether it really favors some people or not.”

perspective, I’m not really sure I understand “But then again.” In other words, what’s the implied contrast between the absurd overemphasis on a handful of “anarchists” in Seattle and the slanted coverage you mention prior to the “But”?

“I don’t think environmental issues are being singled out for exclusion.”

No, me neither.

The biggest area of conflict of interest concerns the media itself. The story of the passage of the 1996 Telecommunications Act–which handed away billions of dollars of free digital spectrum to the existing players in exchange for ZIP–is fascinating. But it got virtually no coverage. Surprise, surprise!

Here, btw, is an excerpt from a short link on the subject as described by one of my favorite media critics:

" In early February [1996], the Federal Communications Commission began allocating the digital spectrum to the existing commercial broadcasters. Without any public debate or competitive arrangement, the largest media companies in the world are being handed what could become the equivalent of at least five new channels in every market where they currently own one. This near-secret process virtually guarantees that Disney/Cap Cities, Time Warner, General Electric, Westinghouse, Viacom, the Tribune Company and the News Corporation, among others, can maintain their rule over U.S. media for another generation or two. It is worth noting that The Washington Post estimated the value of this digital spectrum to run as high as $70 billion. The stench of corruption is so thick that The Wall Street Journal even ran a front-page article on March 17 deploring the giveaway, and Bob Dole followed suit in a New York Times Op-Ed two weeks later. As Senator John McCain puts it, broadcasters “are about to pull off one of the great scams in American history.”

http://www.radiodiversity.com/hiwayrobbery.html

Notice the mention of Dole, McCain and the WSJ. This is not a partisan or ideological issue. This is an example of the most blatant screwing of our democracy by a corporate oligopoly.

As pld’s post makes clear, the new FCC is worse than the one we had under Clinton (whose appointee was actually a well-meaning guy, who discovered how powerless he was when he tried to get a hugely popular measure for low power radio stations, run by community groups, past the the broadcasting lobby–which is to say, past the US congress. The measure was killed by Congress, and the FCC’s power was reduced.

“There are a lot of important things going on that most people don’t know about yet will eventually effect their lives. There are plenty of issues that are just too complex for the modern attention span.”

But that is the self-fulfilling prophecy again. What makes the modern attention span what it is?

The sad thing about it (or perhaps the encouraging thing about it), is that it isn’t at all impossible to change a person’s attention span. I mean, it’s easier to teach someone to ride a bike at age 5 than at age 45 but it can be done in either case. In both cases the requisite physiological competence is there, dormant, just waiting to be used. People actually enjoy–and crave-- complexity once you give them a taste of it.

"I don’t think we can put all of the blame on the media. Look at a movie from the fifties. Notice how it is paced, how long scenes are, how slowly tension builds and things happen. Then watch a modern thriller like “Speed” where the action is ever present. "

This is a very paradoxical statement, perspective. You’re basically arguing that you can’t blame the media for the media. Who else can you blame?

And in any case, I don’t actually agree with you about movies. It’s true that Speed was not The Maltese Falcon. But I don’t think it was utterly worthless, and, more important, it’s not the only thing out there. While I agree that US movie-making has taken a dive since the 1970s, when you had mass audiences for movies like Taxi Driver, there’s much, much
more out there for the discerning viewer than there is on the tube–especially in the category of news.

If the movies had declined as badly as television news, the example wouldn’t be Speed, but some cross between Rollerball 2001, a Howard Stern movie, and the first hour of the Titanic. :wink:

"Our attention spans are short. I don’t think this is just because that’s what’s being fed to us. It’s because it’s more exciting and more titilating format. "

I think what you’re trying to say here is that people will always choose fast-paced titillation over intellectual stimulation or serious emotional engagement–that it’s some fundamental fact of nature. However, particularly if there were a level playing field, I don’t think that’s true at all. Notice the viewing habits of other countries where an independent cinema has (until recently, thanks to so-called “free trade”) been subsidized. Sometimes people will see Speed (I did, and lived to tell), but sometimes they will prefer Memento, Magnolia, The Usual Suspects, The Piano, Mulholland Drive, or (to name a recent personal favorite) Donnie Darko.

“At any point, we could all stop watching tv, but we don’t. The american public is addicted not force-fed.”

Again, this is blurry thinking. The first statement is true, but the second points to a paradox. If truth is that if you want to addict people to something like television, you should do anything but force-feed them. The very best way to addict people is to make them think they’re exercising free choice while making their actual choices so limited as to be meaningless. (This is the same thing that happens to us during shopping when we “choose” between 24 brands of margerine.)

Certainly with television news our “choices” are very superificial indeed; this is somewhat less so with other kinds of television programming, and far less so with movies.

Apologies to those who’ve heard me say this before:

I did stop watching commercial TV–and now watch videos only (plus the occasional PBS show). I don’t listen to any commercials on the radio (I just change the channel when one comes on and/or listen to public radio). I avoid commercial magazines such as People that try to appeal to my curiosity about who a celebrity is currently sleeping with. I pay little or no attention to tabloids and similar magazines in supermarkets, airports and other public places.

This has completely changed my life in wholly positive ways. Now when I look at or hear advertising it is with the curiosity of an alien visiting a strange planet for the purposes of sociological study. I buy much less crap, and care much less about superficial things.

Most important, though, I have much more time to read, watch good stuff, talk to my family and friends and…post on the Straight Dope.

My point is that WTO wasn’t that big of a story by tv standards until people started smashing windows and the cops came down with teargas and pepper spray. No violence, no news, no corporate slant necessary.

I don’t think the corporate slant always happens. Plenty of environmental issues show up and major corporations get blamed. The problem is that the story has to be spectacular to get the coverage.

It would be naive to suggest that news coverage is always unbiased. I don’t hold this view. I think the bias is often tricky and hard to pin down, it isn’t always the direct result of someone’s agenda.
The news is also a consumable, hence it is subject to market pressures. Certainly it’s a far cry from a perfectly competitive market. But even if it was, minority views would still be under represented even when they were right.
We could have government sponsored media too, but wouldn’t that be in danger of just reinforcing the government’s views?

Some of it could be self interest, some of it could be that j. schmoe doesn’t know what “digital spectrum” means. Your quote clearly demonstrates how this got coverage in national publications.

From what I’ve heard about it, I don’t like it either.

Many things. The media is only one player in this game.
All of this power you attribute to the media reminds me of the Christian right who claim that media is corrupting our society etc…

I’d like to believe this, but I tend to believe that complexity is an aquired taste that some people just don’t want.
I don’t watch tv very often, but when I do, I find myself watching commercials even when I have the remote. They developed a fine art of grabbing people’s attention without them knowing it, and that’s all that they need to do. No substance necessary.

Here’s a little analogy. Let’s say I set up a little ice cream and broccoli stand next to a kid’s swimming pool. Soon enough I realize, all of my brocoli is going bad and my ice cream is selling out. So eventually I’m left with just an ice cream stand. Is it my fault? Am I pushing ice cream on these kids by not offering them brocoli? Of course brocoli is better for them and there are even people that love it’s taste, but it’s not in the convenience market because it’s just not as popular.

Unfortunately (or fortunately :wink: ) I didn’t see those movies so I’m not sure if I know what you mean.

Sometimes people want to eat brocoli, but you won’t find it at the convenience store. Television is the convenience store of media.

So why do people watch so much television to begin with? Other factors come into play here that are very complex.

Comparing news programming to the entire field of making movies isn’t fair. How about to soap operas? Aren’t they all pretty much the same, revolving around the same sort of plot lines?

Sorry, I should’ve been more precise. Of course, resource wastage can be an environmentally destructive practice, too.

What I was trying to hint at – rather ineptly, I might add – is the difference between, well, between two broad categories of environmentalism I’ve seen practiced over the last 30 years or so. (Note that most environmentalists almost certainly engage in both categories of environmentalism.)

They are:

  1. Seeking to curtail environmentally damaging practices (or practices perceived as environmentally damaging) which are performed by individuals as part of their daily lives, by means of telling people not to do them or at least to cut back. Driving a gas-guzzling car instead of a fuel-efficient car, driving at all when you could just as well ride your bike, using a high-flow toilet or shower head, buying excess packaging which you’re just going to turn around and throw into a landfill, throwing out aluminum cans, littering, etc…

and:

  1. Seeking to curtail environmentally damaging practices (or practices perceived as environmentally damaging) which are performed by large, nameless, faceless corporations, by means of boycotts or legislation or mudslinging. Deforestation, greenhouse gas emission, the production of chlorofluorocarbons, big stinky black smokestacks, etc…
    In the early 1970s, when I first became aware of environmentalism (it was called “ecology” at the time), most of the messages I was getting belonged to category 1. They emphasized personal responsibility in keeping the environment reasonably nice.

By the end of the 1990s, though, there seemed to have been a sea-change in the environmental movement. The emphasis shifted from category 1 to category 2. The message was no longer “environmental damage is your fault, so stop doing it” – it was now “environmental damage is their fault, so let’s gang up and stop them from doing it.”
The “environmentally destructive practices” I was referring to in that post on droughts were those belonging to category 2 – i.e. triggers for global warming, the lack of trees to draw in rain/snowclouds over the mountains in deforested areas, etc…

perspective:“The problem is that the story has to be spectacular to get the coverage.”

Agreed. (Though I don’t think it’s an insoluble problem.)

“I think the bias is often tricky and hard to pin down, it isn’t always the direct result of someone’s agenda.”

Also agreed. That was actually the point of my introducing the silence on the Telecommunications Act–a relatively unusual example of the television
industry’s having a direct reason for underreporting the story.

"We could have government sponsored media too, but wouldn’t that be in danger of just reinforcing the government’s views? "

Have you ever heard of the BBC? Not only does it do a pretty good job of reporting honestly about the British government (among other subjects), it also gives commercial competitors an incentive to provide really interesting
news coverage.

[re: the Telecommunications Act] “Some of it could be self interest, some of it could be that j. schmoe doesn’t know what “digital spectrum” means.”

Well I’ll bet that j.schmoe gets educated on that topic really fast when there’s a dime to be made getting him to watch those new stations. And that’s really all it means.

“Your quote clearly demonstrates how this got coverage in national publications.”

It was reported in major newspapers such as the NYT and WSJ, yes. But most Americans don’t read either of those newspapers and get most of their news from the tube. On the tube the story went virtually unreported.

“All of this power you attribute to the media reminds me of the Christian right who claim that media is corrupting our society etc…”

Well I doubt that my thoughts on the media are identical to those of the Christian right. That aside, I hardly see how one can discount the importance of the place from which Americans get their news. The way that media covers elections, for example, has a big role in the kind of candidates/races that we get. Here too there’s an economic incentive: the less substantive coverage of elections, the more candidates must buy commercial time to reach voters. This is a well-known phenomenon and, IIRC, one of the things that broadcasters were supposedly going to give in exchange for the digital spectrum–but never did–was airtime for political candidates.

[re: taste for complexity] " I’d like to believe this, but I tend to believe that complexity is an aquired taste that some people just don’t want."

Well, there again, there’s a certain degree of paradox there. How does one know whether or not one wants a taste until one has acquired it. I really do believe though that most people with basic abilities enjoy complexity (and there are of course many kinds of complexity).

“I find myself watching commercials even when I have the remote. They developed a fine art of grabbing people’s attention without them knowing it, and that’s all that they need to do. No substance necessary.”

So did I when I watched television. But it’s actually very easy to grab someone’s attention for 15 or 30 seconds without delivering substance. In fact some commercials are pretty complex–not substantively, but audio-visually–given their time span.

Believe me, perspective, I’m not trying to argue that most people won’t (or shouldn’t) look at commercials when they’re sitting there with nothing else to do until their program resumes; yet look how upset the industry became when Tivo developed a remote that would allow you to pass by the commercials just by pressing a button. (I don’t remember exactly who is suing, or what the status of the case is, but a legal attempt is being made to suppress that technology.)

“Of course brocoli is better for them and there are even people that love it’s taste, but it’s not in the convenience market because it’s just not as popular [as ice cream].”

I actually think that analogy is flawed because no one–not even a child–will choose to eat ice cream all of the time. Every adult has the option of eating ice cream 3 meals a day and yet we don’t. So in some ways–if it really applied–the analogy could suggest that people would choose more variety in their tv diet if they had better choices.

“So why do people watch so much television to begin with?”

A habit, I think. Like you said, a kind of addiction. But I guess the main difference in our opinions is that I don’t think people are necessarily addicted to bad tv.

Comparing news programming to the entire field of making movies isn’t fair. "

I think you may have misunderstood the purpose of that comparison. I merely meant to suggest that popular viewing habits haven’t, in fact, been reduced to action-packed, low attention fare. In fact when people have to shell out some bucks for the movies or a video rental a large number of them choose a better-quality product. This suggests to me that if better tv–including tv news–were available that people would watch. And I think that one reason why tv news is so poor is that good news is expensive to produce.

"How about to soap operas? Aren’t they all pretty much the same, revolving around the same sort of plot lines? "

I don’t honestly know. I used to watch an English soap, East Enders when I lived in England a few years back–and I actually enjoyed it quite a bit.

Well, nice gabbing with you perspective.

Okay, I gotcha now–thanks for the clarification. :slight_smile:

The history and current flavors of environmentalism are both subjects I’ve been involved with for the past 5-6 years or so. And I can certainly appreciate ‘mixed messages’ coming from the environmentalist camp. Of course the problem may be assuming that there is (or should be) one camp to begin with. One on the fringes of the environmental debate(s) might easily group together, animal rights activists, Sierra Club members, Deep Ecologists, and ecofeminists, because they all express concerns about human interactions with non-humans. Of course these groups and others can disagree quite bitterly on any number of specific points.

I find your category distinction interesting as well as your suggestion that the shift over time has been from one of personal agency to policing the ‘big guys.’ And in general, I’d tend to agree. To some extent, a number of the personal agency battles have been won. (Hey, how about that? A statement of optimism from an environmentalist!! :smiley: ) In other words, those behaviors which most of us learn about as school children are in many ways ingrained in us by adulthood. Anyone out there still think littering is a good, or even a benign, thing? How about dumping motor oil into a stream? And don’t forget using scrap paper to jot down messages.

I guess my point with all this is we haven’t necessarily discarded the Category 1 concerns in favor of Category 2. Rather, I think we’ve shifted targets in light of increasing awareness of other culprits.

Aside: If anyone has an interest in reading some on the evolution of environmental thought, specific to the United States, I’d recommend the following books.

Hays, Samuel P. (1998). Explorations in Environmental History. Pittsburgh, PA: The University of Pittsburgh Press.
- Hays is an historian, and this is probably the most thorough account of America’s environmental legacy.

Jackson, Kenneth T. (1985). Crabgrass Frontier. New York: Oxford University Press.
- This book is actually a treatment on the suburbanization of the United States. However, insofar as urban planning and housing preferences reflect trends in environmental thought, this too offers some insight.