The words are not freighted. The use of the words is freighted, and that comes from the speakers.
To refer to people as Jewish means they are human. “Jew” may refer simply to an object which has no humanity (It has happened in living memory, so it is part of the context whenever the word is used)
I can’t think of an example where the intent is ambiguous though in every day speech. It’s coming from the speaker.
I was graduating from college, and buying my first new car, and boasting to a group of friends how I had jewed the dealer down. Two of those friends were Jewish, and I knew that. But I had never seen that word written down, and had no idea how it was spelled, or that it had any connection to the religion. (One of them took me aside later, and explained to me that he knew I hadn’t meant to, but that this could be considered derogatory by people. I was astonished, and embarrassed.)
Like others have said, it depends on the intent, tone of voice, etc. People who intend to be insulting generally make that clear.
Personally, I think we need to start letting go of some of these associations, rather than dwelling on them in perpetuity. I’m sure there are lots of English words that can be traced to stereotypes of various groups. We’d lose a lot of words if we had to drop them all. Just like if we renamed everything named after a slave owner, or a bigot.
Yeah, seriously, I don’t get it. Sorry, the richness of the English language isn’t lost because we consider a phrase like “jewing down” offensive and decide not to use.