"Double Fold," Libraries and Book-Burnings

So sayeth Eve

I hate to disagree with you, Eve, but you’re bass ackwards on this one.

The sole purpose of Barnes & Nobles is as a repository of objects. The sole purpose of a clerk at B&N is to put a specific object into your hands. The purpose of a librarian and the librarians within it is to put specific information within your reach. The professions that takes on the task of preserving “artifacts” are archivists and museum curators.

My job as a librarian is to make sure you can find any information you may need. Only very rarely is the value of that information tied to the media through which it is provided.

Yes, I am a librarian (though I don’t work as one anymore) and yet I have read Double Fold. Baker makes some very important points that I think people are taking too far.

  1. Agreed that national libraries serve as both libraries and archives. It is disappointing to me that the Library of Congress has come to place more value on the former than the latter.

  2. Major academic institutions make institutional decisions on which topics they will act as archivists. The University of Washington maintains files of all books and newspapers related to the Pacific Northwest. Just because they at some point had a complete bound run of the Topeka, Kansas, Telegraph doesn’t mean they are obligated to do so forever.

  3. Librarianship is one of the most stupidly technophilic professions around. We have truly been early adoptors of just about every computerized technology that has come along for the last 50 years. Unfortunately the nature of libraries is such that gradual sytemic changes are not confortable and tend to be avoided. Too often an all or nothing decision is made (if you have ever made extensive use of a library running both LC and Dewey classifications, you’ll understand some of the reason for this).

  4. Very few librarians come from a scientific or empirical background. As a profession we were fed a load of crap on the ethereal nature of modern paper and it became unquestioned gospel over the decades.

On the other side:

  1. The primary mission of most libraries is providing information to their patrons. Community, corporate, and small academic libraries generally have neither the funds nor the desire to serve has historical repositories. Despite Baker’s assurances that “storage space is cheap” there is really no reason for a small public library to keep a book that hasn’t been used in 30 years (unless it is of extreme local interest, and even then it is more the role of the local historical society).

  2. With the exception of newspapers (the main focus of the book), most printed materials are not rare. Even the most obscure book is generally held in at least a half dozen reserach institutions.

  3. The medium of presentation is rarely important to the information presented. We can easily conjur up exceptions, but 99.9% of research needs fall into this category. A doctoral thesis in Dickensian studies will find the most recent printing of Oliver Twist just as useful as a first edition. A fully-searchable electronic copy might be even more useful (and can I tell you how many people come to reference desks in libraries expecting that the entire contents of the world’s books are fully searchable in some database).

  4. The secondary mission of most libraries is to provide as much information as possible to the most people. If the library spends to much time and money on maintaining and storing the rare and the valuable it impedes this mission. From the librarians point of view it is better to have 5 photocopies of Columbus’s original logs that can be put in the open shelves than to have the original logs kept in a locked case and can only be used by Ph.D’s and above with approved research goals.

  5. One of the things Baker cries out about is the loss of the “experience” of going through old newspapers. The feeling of sitting at a table and seeing how the page is layed out, of turning a page to find new information, the smell, the inkstained fingers, etc. It is not our job as librarians to provide “experiences”. It is our job to make sure you can find the information you need. Now, I admit that microfilming has proven to be a 90% failure, but that doesn’t mean we are obligated to provide an “experience”.

  6. Storage is not as simple as Baker thinks it is. You can’t just go out and buy a Costco shell and start filling it with books. You have to make sure the building is climate controlled. Yes, modern paper does have a half-life longer than claimed, but excessive humidity will still cause bindings to rot. Plus, all it takes is one mold explosion, one leak in the roof, one ruptured sewer line, a single pregnant paper beetle. All of these need to be controlled. Further it still has to be organized and cataloged. A system has to be put in place to quickly and efficiently retrieve and reshelf these items. I’m not saying it is an impossible task (hell, libraries already do more of this than most people would imagine - more than half of UW’s 8,000,000 texts are in storage) but it is not an easy task.

  7. Maintaining card catalogs as a useful reference tool is just stupid. The only way this can be done is to keep them where nobody can use them. When the University of Washington was about to get rid of their catalog a great cry went up about what a loss it would be. So they were kept and moved to an inconvenient (though easily accessible) floor. Guess what we learned? Students were viewing the catalog as a near infinite source of free notecards. We’d find piles of them on desks, in garbage cans, thrown out windows as confetti. Without active maintenance, the card catalog quickly became useless, even as historical artifact. Most people complain that they’ve lost the ability to browse or free associate. I agree that many of the more popular online catalogs used in libraries do not sufficiently replicate this, but such systems do exist and I wish they were more popular. Also, do you know how few people could really use a card catalog well? In my opinion, the nostalgia for card catalogs is almost as silly as the nostalgia for circulation cards (yes, we did have people complain that we were throwing them away, what a “important resource” we were told, “to know who had checked out a book in the past”).

Ok, this is disjointed as I am doing other things at the same time I’ve been writing this, but hopefully my main points come through. I, personally can’t stand Baker’s fiction and found the writing style in Double Fold to be almost as unreadable but he does make many important and valid points that I hope will resonate throughout my former profession. But I also feel he regurgitates many of the popular misunderstanding of what exactly a librarian is and what it is we do.

Just finished the book last night, and am now writing a congrats letter to the author. I’ll letcha know if he replies. Obfusciatrist, you do make some very good points, and this is NOT a black-or-white issue; it’s a problem that is very difficult to solve. A few comments:

“Just because they at some point had a complete bound run of the Topeka, Kansas, Telegraph doesn’t mean they are obligated to do so forever.”

—But SOMEONE should be keeping them, and too many newspaper runs are now gone forever, replaced by illegible microfilm. Now that we have better digitzed copy ability, the originals are gone and cannot be digitized!

“Community, corporate, and small academic libraries generally have neither the funds nor the desire to serve has historical repositories.”

—Agreed. But the British Library, the Library of Congress, the NYPL and the Philadelphia Free Library damn well SHOULD serve as historical repositories.

“The medium of presentation is rarely important to the information presented.”

—Gotta disagree here, if you have seen (as I have had to) crappy, smudged microfilm with artwork completely illegible, as opposed to the lovely 4-color originals.

“One of the things Baker cries out about is the loss of the ‘experience’ of going through old newspapers.”

—See above.

“Maintaining card catalogs as a useful reference tool is just stupid.”

—Sadly, I have to agree with you here, and this is one of the timed when unavoidable “progress” often takes us several steps backward (I have yet to find a computerized card catalog at the NYPL that goddam WORKS).

“But SOMEONE should be keeping them, and too many newspaper runs are now gone forever, replaced by illegible microfilm. Now that we have better digitzed copy ability, the originals are gone and cannot be digitized!”

“Agreed. But the British Library, the Library of Congress, the NYPL and the Philadelphia Free Library damn well SHOULD serve as historical repositories.”

  • My first point was in agreement with this, LOC and the British Library should act as national archives and these institutions should be given the mandate to do what is necessary to maintain as many originals as possible. I’ll not argue the point as to whether large public library systems (such as the NYPL and PFL) should serve as repositories. However, these institutions have, in the past, taken this role which means that other institutions may have demurred in their favor. If such institutions wish to move away from the role, it is their responsiblity to make sure that the task is picked up by appropriate institutions and materials are responsibly transferred.

“Gotta disagree here, if you have seen (as I have had to) crappy, smudged microfilm with artwork completely illegible, as opposed to the lovely 4-color originals.”

  • I said rarely, not never. Art libraries and collections are an obvious example. If an art librarian has given up color originals for crappy half-tone microfilms, I assure you I will happily man the professional firing line. The the objects information is impossilbe to convey when separated from the media of delivery, then it is unconscionable to separate them. However, for only a slim minority is the presence of newsprint relevant to newspaper research. Originals should indeed be maintained somewhere for that minority. There is, however, no overarching professional organization that dictates who will maintain what originals.

It is not fun to be the librarian that goes to the local city council requesting 2,000 feet of additional shelf space and having to explain why it is necessary to be using 200 feet on a complete run of an extinct local paper that no person has looked at even one volume in the last 10 years.

“Sadly, I have to agree with you here, and this is one of the timed when unavoidable “progress” often takes us several steps backward (I have yet to find a computerized card catalog at the NYPL that goddam WORKS).”

The University of Washington used to have a OPAC called Willow that was one of the most powerful and useful OPACS I had ever seen. Full indexing (even using the contained materials tags), intuitive subject linking. Form-based boolean search across access points. All this, plus you could BROWSE by any access point. A beautiful system. Unfortunately most public libraries (and way too many academic libraries) use Dynix or Innovative or (gasp!!!) CARL. Just typing those words makes me happy to be away from the profession. Unfortunately, I am told that UW has since abandoned the system in favor of a third party product. Blech!

A (pointless) story: Had a woman come to the desk. She had been reading her great-grandmother’s diary and saw a note that a friend had acknowledged her in a book she had written. Nothing about the book, didn’t nothing but the first name and last initial of the friend and that grandma was something of a local expert on quilting.

Doing some guessing on variables, Willows allowed me to search for books published in Seattle from 1920-1925 about quilting and a author’s last name starting with “s”. Actually found the book. One of my most glorious moments working that desk (the woman was so impressed I thought she was going to start a cult based on me). I was just a student worker at the library and I think that feeling may be what sent me to library school.

All in all, Eve, I agree with the central point of Double Fold: The artifact of print does have some value and should be maintained somewhere. It’s just that the answers are not as simple as he makes them out to be, and librarians are not necessarily the people to do it.

For obvious reasons (though my job only tangentially relates to paper media), I have found this thread as well as larger discussion of Baker’s book interesting, although some of the things I’ve heard that he asserts have seemed reductive or overly simplistic. Still, the book has gone unread by me (thus far–I will get to it when I get a chance) so I didn’t want to make any assumptions about quotes or arguments that may have been taken out of context.

I am, however, providing this link because it is the most thorough analysis I’ve come across yet from someone who does this sort of thing for a living and who takes Baker to task on a number of issues while still subjecting him to a level of scrutiny that seems balanced and fair.

Comments welcome.

I meant to read the book “Double Fold” ever since I saw this thread and just finally got around to it this weekend!

My few thoughts: since this thread started, I’ve started working as a cataloging clerk in a library with a significant number of late 19th century books – none of which appear to be dust. (However, I’m just looking at this with a layperson’s eye. They could be crumbling and I might not be aware of it.) Then again, we have a major space crunch and having some physical copies of books replaced by digitized copies would certainly alleviate some of the space challenges faced by the library at which I work.

One question I had about the book: Mr. Baker mentions repeatedly that to microfilm old books, they are disbound. The book didn’t seem to touch on it, but would disbinding and rebinding the old books be a cost-effective way to preserve them sufficiently as artifacts? What about the old newspapers? Is the historical value of old books and newspapers based on retaining original bindings?

Eve: Did Mr. Baker ever reply to your letter?

Damn, I thought for a minute Eve had returned.

Unfortunately, she doesn’t post to the boards anymore for a variety of reasons (she did come back briefly, but had to leave again), so she won’t be able to answer your question.

Sounds like a good book though.