There isn’t in Hebrew, either; we make due with the phrase “forest fruit”.
Hebrew also doesn’t have a word for “subtle”, which explains a lot.
Going the other way, there are a few very common Hebrew words that can’t really be translated to English, like stam, which sort-of means “for no reason”, and davka, which according to context can mean “actually, despite what one might have thought”, or “out of spite” or various other concepts related to general contrariness.
I’m skeptical as to how widely and strictly this distinction is applied, as I’ve often seen bags of mixed nuts (including almonds) labelled as simply “noix”. Here’s an example of one Quebec store’s “Mélange de 5 noix” containing “[n]oix du brésil, amandes, avelines, grenobles et pacanes”. The Wikipedia article for noix discusses almonds in the second paragraph; the terminological distinction you refer to is covered only much later in the article.
What about taxi. I’ve heard that most languages have no native word for taxi, and so they just use the English word. Likewise *OK *has entered many foreign languages, with no native equivalent, making it the worlds most widespread word.
Agreed, and this is a tough task since English is commonly spoken as a second language, so any novel English word will tend to be absorbed into one or more languages.
I’m told that the progressive tense (“I am going” versus “I go”) is something that people can struggle with, when learning english, as some other languages don’t have it. In a language that doesn’t have this tense, it may be difficult to translate “going” – it may require an explanation.
Personally, I’ve noticed more trouble over adjectives. One that comes to mind is the difficulty I had explaining cunning to a friend. I think we left it at “a kind of practical cleverness”.
The slang word “chav” I find difficult to describe to those learning English. This is a British word, and the difficulty may be because it is referring to a specific culture, and class snobbishness, within Britain. Nonetheless, it would fit the terms of the OP.
(It’s essentially the British version of “white trash”, though it does not specify any race, and it also may imply tasteless behaviour like modifying a cheap car to make it look like a sports car, wearing showy jewellery etc)
Yes, many things we call nuts are not botanically speaking nuts but rather fruits, but they’re still called nuts. Although Kobal2 is from France, maybe the usage is different there.
I think it’s a word of Latin origin, which may have entered other languages through English but it’s questionable whether it originated in English.
This one is definitely a word of American English origin, but it’s not that it’s untranslatable, it’s just that it’s been adopted as a loanword in other languages through American cultural influence.
Noix means walnut, but sometimes that just means nut. Got it? 
I guess the best way to describe it is that walnut is the default nut, and other things are a varations of that. Hazelnuts are called noisette, little walnut. Pecan is sometimes pacane, but sometimes noix de pécan. Scallops without shells are noix de Saint-Jacques, the walnut of the scallop.
Of course I’m blanking on anything similar in English. Maybe like how most of our words for meat describe beef by default, or dairy words by default are for cow’s milk products? If someone says “steak”, you generally think beef, though you can also find salmon steak, etc. We have a word for cream churned to into a solid mass, as long as it’s from a cow. If not it’s sheep butter, goat butter, and so on.
How about the simple word “cowboy” ?
It’s unique to American English.
Sure, most languages have words or short phrases that mean “a farmer who raises cows”.
But I’d bet in no other language does the word include the American essence: the wild-west , the open range, and above all: pride and freedom.
Remember the old cigarette ads for the Marlborough Man? “Cowboy” describes him perfectly and says it all.
Can any other language pack all that imagery into one word?
The problem is not explaining what it means. Any word can be glossed, given enough time or blank space. The problem is doing it accurately, succinctly and without having to do a political exposé for one lousy word.
Considering it’s most likely to appear in newspaper articles and the like, that is to say in a context where the total sign count can be a stringent limit for the translator, it’d be an issue. Probably not an impossible challenge, but a pain in the neck nonetheless.
As an aside, this is simply not correct. The English parliamentary system evolved in large part on the basis that the executive could not raise money on its own, nor spend it - the Crown had to go to Parliament to raise money, and Parliament then could direct how the money was to be spent. That is a basic feature of any parliamentary system based on the English system. THe US in turn adopted that process in its Cosntitution, setting out the powers of Congress, which in turn has been the model for many countries with congressional systems.
I’m not pretending to say I’m familiar with all other constitutional systems, so there may be countries where the Legislature doesn’t have a say in the appropriation of public funds - however, I have to say I’m sceptical of the concept.
Well, the word “gaucho” carries just the same amount of imagery for me, as does the Norwegian word for milkmaid; “budeie”. Although the imagery isn’t the same, it’s no poorer.
Well, if you’re going into the depths of imagery and rich connotation and the ineffable culture-ness of this cultural term, then nothing can possibly be translated because no translation would make you a full-fledged from-birth member of the culture the word comes from. Similarly, there’s absolutely no way you can understand this post which you are reading right now because you are not in my head and can have no conception of what it’s like in here.
Philosophers probably have a few words for that, or at least a bunch of choice phrases to lob my way.
As for the normal meaning of “unable to be translated,” one that immediately comes to mind that can’t be translated into French is “to loom.” I haven’t been able to find a decent French way to say, “The mountains loomed in the distance.”
I’ve also had a lot of trouble translating the slogan “Sex is nice and pleasure is good for you.” The exact connotations of the words “nice” and “good for you” are really important for the specific impact of the phrase – the idea of nonthreateningness, healthfulness, and just unalloyed normalcy and approval it conveys. The best I’ve been able to come up with so far is “Le sexe est agréable et le plaisir fait du bien,” which is close but not exactly spot-on.
My stab at it : “Le sexe c’est sympa et le plaisir ça fait du bien”. Or perhaps “c’est bon pour la santé” for the second part, but that’s more dry and clinical. Then again, it’s also less redundant :). Perhaps “bon pour le moral” instead of “bon pour la santé” ?
You could possibly slash the "c’ " to make it less cumbersome, but I think they add a bit of whimsy.
Well Yes and no are hard to translate into Chinese, but I think that has more to do with Chinese.
Every culture surely has a lot of those. I’d consider “guido” most like “chav”, but there are plenty of group words like “cracker”, “redneck”, dare I say “wigger”, and don’t even get into “Yankee” (a word that means very different things to a surprising number of groups) that have so much cultural connotation that the discussion devolves into “you know it when you see it, once you’ve seen enough of it”.
So far, IMHO, the only response which really gets at the flavor of the OP has been fun. * Nut* comes close, but that’s an issue of different classification systems in different languages, which isn’t quite as strong as “untranslatable”.
Here’s my contribution – a common phrase, not a word: to look forward to. There is no precisely equivalent phrase or word in Spanish. You can anticipate, but that lacks emotional content. I’ve sometimes resorted to circumlocutions like think about an event which will happen in the future while feeling some happiness about the prospect of that event.
For a language to lack an equivalent phrase to look forward to seems so strange to me. Is the future just a bleak, empty chasm for non-English-speakers? 
(Just kidding – that would be too Sapir-Whorfian for my taste. But it is tempting to see this as speaking to something optimistic in the American character, and/or stubbornly derring-do in the British one, in the existence of this phrase…and fun, come to think of it…)
There’s a follow-up to the original linked page, with five more words that are difficult to translate: 5 more difficult words to translate. One of the new words it suggests is “fair”:
That suggestion strikes a chord with me. When I was studying in Quebec, one of the mascots for the inter-mural teams at Université Laval was a big floppy hockey-playing dog, named: “Monsieur Fair-Play.” Considering that Laval is a French-speaking institution, in Quebec City, which tends to be more unilingual than Montréal, I found that odd. Why would francophones use an English term, especially in an institution and city that tends to be very strong on using French?
When I asked francophone students about it, the standard answer was something along the lines: " ‘Fair play’ doesn’t translate. It’s more than just following the rules."
This reads sort of like a restaurant review in a tourism book!
Probably the majority of phrases do not have direct translations in other languages.
Where a phrase doesn’t exist, you just say it with words. e.g. we can also say “I eagerly anticipate”. Other languages would just do that.
(Eagerly anticipate can seem clunky to us, but that’s because we have a less formal-sounding alternative.)
It’s rather like “bon appetit”: there isn’t a standard english phrase for this, and using the French can seem pretentious. That doesn’t stop us from expressing the same sentiment though.
ETA: Probably you know all this already, but I just felt like saying it anyway 
Good points all. I suppose I should rather have said that “from what I know, few languages have a common, ready-made, specific phrase (composed from very common words) to describe this particular feeling.”