I would say Kevin Smith’s first move, Clerks, fits this category well. “One day at a convenience store” is essentially the plot
Take Me Home Tonight (2011)
It’s been 15 years already though.
After Hours by Martin Scorsese would qualify. It has a story per se, but it’s all about one guy on one night, and something happens to him, then another thing happens to him, then an even worse thing happens to him. You don’t really see any of it coming, but it just keeps on coming.
I liked it.
is it in primarily one location?
If 90% of the movie took place at the party or the Suncoast video….then maybe, but just watching the trailer, not at all. They seem to be going to multiple locations.
After Hours takes place entirely in the lower half of Manhattan.
This Is The End (2013)
A year ago, I had by then-14-year-old kid watch Fast Times at Ridgemont High. He enjoyed it, but said “nothing really happened…it was just one scene after another, with no major story arc.” I appreciated his observation.
Is this an example of what the OP had in mind? If so, I suppose a film from 45 years ago being critiqued for this by a teen today could be evidence that it is indeed a “dead genre.”
Trying to stay true to the OP’s request for recent comedies fitting the criteria posted, I took a look at 2025 movies on the Best Picture Reminder list sent to voters and see these:
Fackham Hall - A very poor parody of Downton Abbey, it takes place almost completely (there is one scene in a local pub IIRC) in the eponymous mansion and its grounds. Still, it is a parody and not an oservational comedy as mentioned in the OP.
Oh, Hi! - A black (ish) comedy set almost entirely in a Air BnB rented by a young couple who have been together, apparently too long. It features comic escapades of the couple, their friends, and random neighbors that drop by. So maybe it qualifies?
One of Them Days - A comedy about to best friends trying to scrape together the rent a day before they get evicted and the situations and characters they encounter during their day. It is set in a very specific area of Los Angeles and much of the movie takes place in the apartment building they live in. Geographically it is cohesive, but spread of distances in LA, probably to spread out?
Saw it. It doesn’t fit because it has an actual plot. Not saying it was a good plot or a good movie, but it has a sequential plot. Couple goes to a AirBnB. They discover sex toys. She handcuffs him to the bed; he tries to break up; she refuses to unlock the cuffs. Other things happen, but it’s a sequential plot with specific people, not “weird vignettes”.
Takes place over a school year–not a day or weekend, multiple locations not one central location…so doesnt fit the first two criteria, only the third criteria.
Home Alone?
Maybe in letter but not spirit.
Re-reading @Push_You_Down’s original criteria, it strikes me that The Big Chill would definitely qualify, if only it had been a comedy.
This Is Where I Leave You (2014) fits criteria 1 and 2 very well, and 3 moderately well.
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1371150/?ref_=nm_flmg_job_1_accord_1_cdt_t_17