Bavo JB_Farley.
I really can’t say it any better then he did Piece. The questions are clearly numbered 1) to 25) above. Respond anytime you like with references. That is the information I would like. How clear can I make it?
Just to further grind whatever arguments you had to dust and demonstrate your complete lack of knowledge of biological and medical concepts, some quotes.
On “sinuses have nothing to do with smell”
All referring to human sinuses.
“Smell (olfaction)- Receptors in the olfactory epithelium (at top of sinus cavities) are excited by chemicals in the air. We might have different receptors for different types of smells. Dogs have their receptors on their nose and so are more sensitive, while humans have receptors in sinus cavities.”
“The olfactory receptors consist of bipolar neurons located in the olfactory epithelium that lines the roof of the nasal sinuses, “
“Olfactory epithelium. The epithelial tissue of the nasal sinus that covers the cribiform plate; contains the cilia of the olfactory receptors. “
“In adults, the two most common causes of smell problems that we see at our Center are: (1) Smell loss due to an ongoing process in the nose and/or sinuses such as nasal allergies “
“FESS (like any sinus surgery) is most successful in patients who have recurrent acute or chronic infective sinusitis. Patients in whom the predominant symptoms are facial pain and nasal blockage usually respond well. The sense of smell often improves after this type of surgery.”
“Only two things have been successful in restoring my sense of smell, sinus surgery and steroids. “
“Data from several of these centers support three major causes of olfactory dysfunction: a. Obstructive Nasal and Sinus Disease”
Should I go on, or you ready to admit you made this one up?
On
“sinuses have nothing to do with …speech”
“This study demonstrates significant vocal quality changes associated with sinus disease which are improved following surgery. “
“the sinuses are also a space through which the voice can echo to make sounds when a person talks or sings”
“particularly cautious prior to undergoing sinus surgery are professional singers or others whose livelihood depends on their voice”
“Patients who depend on their voice for their livelihood should be warned that endoscopic sinus surgery may have an effect on their resonance”
“Impaired resonance
Velopharyngeal insufficiency-hypernasality
Nasal or sinus obstruction-hyponasality “
“17. First, not only does gender and age vary the anatomy with which speech is made but anatomy is also at an individual level highly variable. Sinus cavities vary 20-fold in volume, and show different degrees and lateralisation of asymmetry (Williams, 1967, pp. 26-27). Moreover, the shape and size of these cavities vary widely due the swelling of mucous membranes during upper respiratory tract infections ‘colds’. Such variability is important in shaping the speech stream as it introduces variable ‘antiresonances’ in speech, and changes the spectral shape of nasal formants (Dang & Honda, 1996).”
“The Role of the Sinus Cavities in the Production of Nasal Vowels",
Should I go on, or you ready to admit you made this one up as well?
I can’t see the point in repeating the same questions over and over. Since your last post failed to provide any supporting references I’m retiring undefeated and unchallenged from this one.
You can have him if you feel like banging your head against a brick wall JB_Farley.
I’m sure we’ll meet again Piece
Cheerio