# Films that are anti-democracy **URL:** \ **Category:** Cafe Society\ **Created:** [November 20, 2012, 8:15pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/films-that-are-anti-democracy/641641 "2012-11-20T20:15:11Z")\ **Posts on this page:** 20\ **Page:** 2
**Author:** ![Der\_Trihs](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/der_trihs/32/233_2.png) [@Der\_Trihs](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Der_Trihs)\ **Post date:** [November 21, 2012, 3:23am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/films-that-are-anti-democracy/641641/21 "2012-11-21T03:23:33Z")
> [@Human\_Action](#): > > [QUOTE=Icarus] > Casting a broad net, I suppose any story involving a King or Queen triumphing in some way would be considered anti-democratic, to some degree. No? Possibly, though that might be more of an ademocratic (if that’s a word) film than an anti-democratic one, since no alternatives are mentioned nor seem to exist within the fiction world. Still, that could be called implicitly anti-democratic. [/QUOTE] I think one can make the argument that many such films are more protodemocratic (not pro- but proto-; not actually _for_ democracy, but philosophically headed in that direction). Specifically, the ones where the royal in question is fighting to save the peasants from the evil witch/bandits/Evil Duke/etc, and is acclaimed as a hero by the commoners for his or her efforts; they are treating the common people and their desires _as if they matter_, and the support of the common people as something of value. As opposed to just neglecting the needs and desires of the commoners, squeezing them for taxes, sending them off to die in wars, and stomping on them with the iron boot when they get out of line. The more a king or queen tries to do what the people want and act in their interest, the more they are engaging is something close to an informal democracy. Although a clumsy, limited and unstable one since it lacks formal broad based polling (aka voting) of what people want, and lasts only as long as the royal feels like keeping it up. ---
**Author:** ![Really\_Not\_All\_That\_Bright](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/r/e8c25b/32.png) [@Really\_Not\_All\_That\_Bright](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Really_Not_All_That_Bright)\ **Post date:** [November 21, 2012, 3:26am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/films-that-are-anti-democracy/641641/22 "2012-11-21T03:26:41Z")
That’s a good point. When you look at it that way, _Animal Farm_ is as much an indictment of democracy as it is communism (which I suppose may actually be what Orwell intended, given his opinion of the plebes). ---
**Author:** ![Ibn\_Warraq](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/i/e19b73/32.png) [@Ibn\_Warraq](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Ibn_Warraq)\ **Post date:** [November 21, 2012, 3:40am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/films-that-are-anti-democracy/641641/23 "2012-11-21T03:40:32Z")
> [@Miller](#): > > I don’t think so. While the plot involves a failure of democracy, the destruction of a democratic society, and its replacement with a totalitarian system, is unambiguously portrayed as a tragedy of galactic proportions. For the movies to be anti-democracy, it would have to view the rise of the Emperor as a good thing, not a disaster. If anything those movies struck me as rather absurdly pro-democracy. Remember that’s the one which had a planet in which the Queen is an elected position and the people think nothing of electing 14-year-old girls to be their leaders. ---
**Author:** ![Diceman](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/d/22d042/32.png) [@Diceman](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Diceman)\ **Post date:** [November 21, 2012, 3:47am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/films-that-are-anti-democracy/641641/24 "2012-11-21T03:47:41Z")
> [@Human\_Action](#): > > The democracy in question, i.e. the Galactic Senate, _is_ portrayed as ineffectual and maddeningly slow, as per the scene where Queen Amidala pleads with Chancellor Valorum and the Senate to come to her planet’s defense. The Senate is easily led, and seduced into giving more and more power to a demagogue, though this figure, the eventual Emperor, is portrayed as an even worse option. The strongest voice for reason and democracy in the films would be the Jedi, so perhaps Lucas was endorsing a theocracy of monks? The key difference is, the rise of Palpatine as an autocratic emperor is clearly not being portrayed as a good thing. The slow and ineffectual democracy was a much better choice, in hindsight. One thing I found interesting in the Star Wars prequels, was that they don’t have any concept of double jeopardy. In Episode 2, Princess Amidala complains that the Trade Federation leaders still haven’t been convicted even though they’ve been tried 3 times :dubious: Still, the Empire wouldn’t even bother with a trial, so the old ways are still better. ---
**Author:** ![Odesio](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/odesio/32/20003_2.png) [@Odesio](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Odesio)\ **Post date:** [November 21, 2012, 3:57am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/films-that-are-anti-democracy/641641/25 "2012-11-21T03:57:36Z")
> [@Diceman](#): > > One thing I found interesting in the Star Wars prequels, was that they don’t have any concept of double jeopardy. In Episode 2, Princess Amidala complains that the Trade Federation leaders still haven’t been convicted even though they’ve been tried 3 times :dubious: Still, the Empire wouldn’t even bother with a trial, so the old ways are still better. I just figured there were three mistrials. ---
**Author:** ![Human\_Action](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/h/ac91a4/32.png) [@Human\_Action](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Human_Action)\ **Post date:** [November 21, 2012, 4:05am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/films-that-are-anti-democracy/641641/26 "2012-11-21T04:05:23Z")
> [@stuyguy](#): > > Am I the only one who is offended to the core whenever some princess, queen, king or other privileged-by-birthright-only royal is foisted upon the audience as the hero of a movie? The founding principle of the USA was a rejection of the concept of monarchy, based on the logic that such a system is inherently undemocratic. Offended to my core, no; but it has always bothered me that little girls are expected to be fascinated with princesses, since the idea is rather at odds with American values of hard work and equality. > [@Elmer J Fudd](#): > > The first interactive movie, Kinoautomat (1967) was ironically anti-democratic. It was a kind of “Choose your own adventure” film where no matter what decisions were made by the voting audience the end result was always the same - The hero’s apartment goes up in flames. That is fantastic! And a novel method of weaving anti-democratic ideas into a film. > [@Really Not All That Bright](#): > > Interestingly, [Gabriel Over The White House] the work of a bunch of hardcore Progressives, and was paid for by William Randolph Hearst. It was mostly aimed at glorifying FDR and his occasional strong-arm tactics. Really?? That had to be absolutely chilling for FDR’s opponents to see in a theater; I would take it as a not-very-veiled threat. It was released five months before the principals of the Business Plot came together, and three years before the “switch in time that saved nine”…I wonder what influence, if any, it had on the political mood. > [@Der Trihs](#): > > I think one can make the argument that many such films are more protodemocratic (not pro- but proto-; not actually for democracy, but philosophically headed in that direction). Specifically, the ones where the royal in question is fighting to save the peasants from the evil witch/bandits/Evil Duke/etc, and is acclaimed as a hero by the commoners for his or her efforts; they are treating the common people and their desires as if they matter, and the support of the common people as something of value. As opposed to just neglecting the needs and desires of the commoners, squeezing them for taxes, sending them off to die in wars, and stomping on them with the iron boot when they get out of line. > > The more a king or queen tries to do what the people want and act in their interest, the more they are engaging is something close to an informal democracy. Although a clumsy, limited and unstable one since it lacks formal broad based polling (aka voting) of what people want, and lasts only as long as the royal feels like keeping it up. That is a very interesting take. This thread has turned fascinating for me. However, could elements you cite above (treating the people like they matter, acting in their interest) be a manifestation of paternalism, or noblesse oblige, rather than proto-democracy? By which I mean, such stories maintain a clear separation between the hero-king and the commoners; he acts on their behalf because he’s a good ruler, but is by no means their equal. Almost like propaganda for the idea of being ruled by your betters. > [@Really Not All That Bright](#): > > When you look at it that way, Animal Farm is as much an indictment of democracy as it is communism (which I suppose may actually be what Orwell intended, given his opinion of the plebes). The film versions of Animal Farm are another good selection, it is absolutely anti-democracy. This may be a bit of a reach, but I submit [300](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0416449/). One of the seemingly democratic Spartan Council’s key officials is bribed by the Persians to allow their invasion to succeed. King Leonidas ignores the venal, cowardly Council and leads his 300 to war, saving the Greek civilization in the process. Films named so far: Coriolanus The Last Samurai Gabriel Over The White House Star Wars prequel trilogy Hero Lost Horizon Triumph Of The Will Kinoautomat Birth Of A Nation 300 ---
**Author:** ![Ranchoth](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/ranchoth/32/1066_2.png) [@Ranchoth](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Ranchoth)\ **Post date:** [November 21, 2012, 5:06am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/films-that-are-anti-democracy/641641/27 "2012-11-21T05:06:04Z")
> [@Human\_Action](#): > > We differ on whether the Meiji Restoration was beneficial to the Japanese people, but the “independent Japan” the samurai fought for was one wherein they ruled as an aristocracy over peasants with no legal rights to speak of. The film takes the side of the samurai, which I found appalling. Something that occurred to me when watching this one was that Cruise’s Samurai deftly swooped in to prevent Japan from becoming an unequal ally to the US…and instead, set the stage for it to become an independent power ruled by fiercely nationalist militarists. [Oops](http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=eed_1350049913). ---
**Author:** ![Elendil\_s\_Heir](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/e/7cd45c/32.png) [@Elendil\_s\_Heir](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Elendil_s_Heir)\ **Post date:** [November 21, 2012, 3:15pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/films-that-are-anti-democracy/641641/28 "2012-11-21T15:15:02Z")
> [@stuyguy](#): > > …I say, “Down with Ariel, Simba, Prince Charming, Pocahontas and all the rest! Let democracy reign! POWER TO THE PEOPLE!” Much as I enjoy the work of J.R.R. Tolkien (note my username), he was very skeptical of democracy and once half-jokingly described himself, IIRC, as a “monarchical anarchist.” Both _The Hobbit_ and _The Lord of the Rings_ deal, in part, with the restoration of a rightful king to a deserved throne, much to the joy of the people (re: Thorin and Aragorn). In his letters, Tolkien did say that Aragorn, at least, had a proto-democratic council to advise him and that he was bound by the rule of law, but you don’t much sense of that from the books. Benevolent despotism seemed to be the typical method of governance among the good guys of Middle-earth. _Watchmen_ is, I think, anti-democratic. Ozymandias fools the elected leaders of his own and other countries, not to mention the unelected leaders of the Soviet bloc, to avert a war. Granted, the stakes are extremely high, and WWIII might very likely have broken out and extinguished humanity had he not acted as he did, but the fact remains that he acted in such a way as to undemocratically manipulate elected officials, believing himself to be wiser and more far-sighted than they. Just about all those movies about a “tough cop who doesn’t play by the rules” are, at root, anti-democratic, as they suggest that the laws adopted through the democratic process hamstring (irony alert!) law enforcement personnel, and are better ignored for the common good. Examples: _Black Rain, Miami Vice, Basic Instinct, SWAT_, etc. May I suggest you see _Lincoln_ for a celebration of democracy in all its robust, cumbersome, messy, sometimes less-than-savory glory. ---
**Author:** ![Slithy\_Tove](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/slithy_tove/32/18248_2.png) [@Slithy\_Tove](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Slithy_Tove)\ **Post date:** [November 21, 2012, 3:23pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/films-that-are-anti-democracy/641641/29 "2012-11-21T15:23:55Z")
No surprise that the better samurai-theme movies are made by the Japanese, not Hollywood, and show how the indiviruals who best honor its traditons are ususally its victims (\*Seppuku, Samurai Rebellion, \* etc.) To the OP, [Juarez](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0031516/) isn’t ultimately anti-democratic, but it makes a good case against it. The young Porfirio Diaz (who was partly of Japanese ancestry, incidentally) is captured by the French and receives a strong explanation from the Liberal-monarchist Maximillain on the advantages of having a leader who puts “the peoples” interests above parlimentary squabbling. He makes a convincing case - not just a strawman, and Diaz is allowed to return to Benito Juarez, who gently points out the flaws in Maximaillian’s argument. (real-life irony: Diaz became Mexico’s dictator, and Mussolini’s father named him after Juarez) Another anti-democratic POV is given by Livia on her deathbed in **I, Claudius**. She admitted that she murdered and otherwise destroyed everyone she did for the sake of Rome, which, if left to return to the Republic, would destroy itself with endless factionalism and civil war. ---
**Author:** ![glaeken](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/g/e8c25b/32.png) [@glaeken](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/glaeken)\ **Post date:** [November 21, 2012, 3:28pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/films-that-are-anti-democracy/641641/30 "2012-11-21T15:28:04Z")
> [@Slow\_Moving\_Vehicle](#): > > I came to post that movie. The Chinese government loved it, because it is great propaganda for one-party rule. It’s also a stunningly beautiful and moving piece of cinema, that transcends both its message and its genre. _Definitely_ recommended. > > And for what it’s worth, **Zoid** is right. The movie ends with Nameless being killed by the order of the King, because he was, after all, an assassin. I think you’re thinking about Broken Sword, who was killed by Snow because he could not kill the King. I always see the message of Hero as Nameless seeing the King represents the lessor evil compared with continual war. He recognises that at some point people need to stop seeking revenge to end the continual fighting and the King while far from perfect is their best option for stability. Of course this could be the film transcending its own intended message 😃 ---
**Author:** ![Human\_Action](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/h/ac91a4/32.png) [@Human\_Action](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Human_Action)\ **Post date:** [November 21, 2012, 4:06pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/films-that-are-anti-democracy/641641/31 "2012-11-21T16:06:57Z")
> [@Elendil's Heir](#): > > May I suggest you see Lincoln for a celebration of democracy in all its robust, cumbersome, messy, sometimes less-than-savory glory. I have, and that was part of what I loved about it. Very much pro-democracy. > [@Slithy Tove](#): > > No surprise that the better samurai-theme movies are made by the Japanese, not Hollywood, and show how the indiviruals who best honor its traditons are ususally its victims (Seppuku, Samurai Rebellion, etc.) Hollywood portrayals of other cultures tend to be either exalt their enlightened, pure, spiritual ways (Native Americans and East Asians in particular) or treat them as brutish villains, without a lot of room in between. Another film: Superman IV: The Quest For Peace Concerned about a possible nuclear war between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, and spurred to action by a child’s letter, Superman heads to the UN. He addresses the delegates: “For many years now I’ve lived among you as a visitor. I’ve seen the beauty of your many cultures. I’ve felt great joy in your magnificent accomplishments. I’ve also seen the folly of your wars. As of today, I’m not a visitor anymore, because the Earth is my home too. We can’t live in fear. And I can’t stand by idly by and watch us stumble into the madness of possible nuclear destruction. And so I’ve come to a decision. I’m going to do what our governments have been unwilling or unable to do. Effective immediately, I’m going to rid our planet of all nuclear weapons.” This announcement of government-by-Superman is greeted with wild cheers from the UN and the public, and Superman flies around the world collecting every nuclear warhead, and throws them into the sun. ---
**Author:** ![ElvisL1ves](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/e/5daacb/32.png) [@ElvisL1ves](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/ElvisL1ves)\ **Post date:** [November 21, 2012, 4:10pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/films-that-are-anti-democracy/641641/32 "2012-11-21T16:10:29Z")
_Things to Come_, the British film version of H.G. Wells’ novel _The Shape of Things to Come_. Generations of constant war leave the remaining democracies helpless, with local leaders devolving into petty tyrants. A technocratic, fascist organization conquers them all and establishes unification and order and progress, with re-emergent democratic movements depicted as merely destructive and short-sighted. Another vote here for _Gabriel Over the White House_ - it’s amazing, and scary, that there was a time when Hollywood could actually produce such a film. ---
**Author:** ![Alessan](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/alessan/32/465_2.png) [@Alessan](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Alessan)\ **Post date:** [November 21, 2012, 4:49pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/films-that-are-anti-democracy/641641/33 "2012-11-21T16:49:21Z")
> [@glaeken](#): > > I always see the message of Hero as Nameless seeing the King represents the lessor evil compared with continual war. He recognises that at some point people need to stop seeking revenge to end the continual fighting and the King while far from perfect is their best option for stability. > > Of course this could be the film transcending its own intended message 😃 There’s a small but telling moment in the film that most people miss: early on in his conversation with Nameless, the king says that after he unites China, he’ll start looking abroad for other kingdoms to conquer. However, the end text states specifically that what he actually ended up doing build the Great Wall, leaving the rest of the world outside his realm, and turning China inward. I think we were supposed to understand that his confrontation with Nameless, and the enlightenment he reached concerning Broken Sword’s pictograph, are what brought about this change of heart. From a storytelling point of view, it could be argued that the king was in fact the film’s central character. It was his story, not that of the heroes. ---
**Author:** ![Elendil\_s\_Heir](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/e/7cd45c/32.png) [@Elendil\_s\_Heir](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Elendil_s_Heir)\ **Post date:** [November 21, 2012, 9:34pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/films-that-are-anti-democracy/641641/34 "2012-11-21T21:34:15Z")
The movie _Starship Troopers_ is even more fascistic (although arguably somewhat tongue-in-cheek) than the Heinlein book which very loosely inspired it. We never really learn how the Wizard government works in the _Harry Potter_ books or movies. Everyone doesn’t vote for the Minister of Magic, for instance; seems like the Wizarding world is a semi-benign oligarchy, at best. I remember a reviewer of the widely-panned Sylvester Stallone version of _Judge Dredd_ complained that viewers were “left with a choice between different flavors of fascism.” Anytime members of the military of a democratic society stirringly say “To hell with our orders!” (I’m thinking of Data in _Star Trek: First Contact_, but there are others), that is, at least in part, an antidemocratic film. Obedience to civil authority is a bedrock value for the military in a free country. ---
**Author:** ![Slithy\_Tove](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/slithy_tove/32/18248_2.png) [@Slithy\_Tove](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Slithy_Tove)\ **Post date:** [November 21, 2012, 9:54pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/films-that-are-anti-democracy/641641/35 "2012-11-21T21:54:06Z")
What were Spain’s movies like under Franco? Did they try to conflate Democracy with Communism? Or, like UFA under Goebbels and Cinecitta under Mussolini, just crank out mostly escapist pablum? The Spanish Facist section of my already modest film knowledge is a blank except for a clip from a biopic of Franco, where he argues down his brother’s republican viewpoint. ---
**Author:** ![Reno\_Nevada](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/r/6f9a4e/32.png) [@Reno\_Nevada](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Reno_Nevada)\ **Post date:** [November 22, 2012, 4:49pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/films-that-are-anti-democracy/641641/36 "2012-11-22T16:49:57Z")
> [@Alessan](#): > > There’s a small but telling moment in the film that most people miss: early on in his conversation with Nameless, the king says that after he unites China, he’ll start looking abroad for other kingdoms to conquer. However, the end text states specifically that what he actually ended up doing build the Great Wall, leaving the rest of the world outside his realm, and turning China inward. I think we were supposed to understand that his confrontation with Nameless, and the enlightenment he reached concerning Broken Sword’s pictograph, are what brought about this change of heart. > > From a storytelling point of view, it could be argued that the king was in fact the film’s central character. It was his story, not that of the heroes. The king in \*Hero \*is, of course, **Qin Shi Huangti** –not the poster, the other one. The one who burned almost all the books in China. The one who buried scholars alive. The one who became a byword for evil for 2000 years–basically the go-to bad ruler example before Hitler. The one who had his heart removed by the Old Man of the Mountains, causing Li Kao and Number Ten Ox endless troubles. The ten crimes of Qin: Abolition of feudalism. Building the Great Wall. Melting down the people’s weapons. Building too many palaces. Burning books. Killing scholars. Building the emperor’s tomb. Seeking immortality drugs. Banishing the crown prince. Inflicting cruel punishments. ---
**Author:** ![drastic\_quench](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/d/e36b37/32.png) [@drastic\_quench](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/drastic_quench)\ **Post date:** [November 22, 2012, 6:32pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/films-that-are-anti-democracy/641641/37 "2012-11-22T18:32:32Z")
Bob Roberts certainly warns of the dangers of democracy. The latest Batman trilogy is all about a privileged individual forcing his will on a city. Batman’s been a fascist since Miller’s DKR. ---
**Author:** ![TV\_time](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/t/f17d59/32.png) [@TV\_time](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/TV_time)\ **Post date:** [November 22, 2012, 8:05pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/films-that-are-anti-democracy/641641/38 "2012-11-22T20:05:57Z")
How about “The Wizard of Oz?” In places it seems more communistic than anything else. In others, meritocracy. ---
**Author:** ![RikWriter](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/r/49beb7/32.png) [@RikWriter](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/RikWriter)\ **Post date:** [November 22, 2012, 9:44pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/films-that-are-anti-democracy/641641/39 "2012-11-22T21:44:19Z")
> [@drastic\_quench](#): > > The latest Batman trilogy is all about a privileged individual forcing his will on a city. Batman’s been a fascist since Miller’s DKR. Batman doesn’t rule the city, nor does he seek to. He doesn’t even seek to personally punish the criminals he catches, instead turning them over to the police. Being an extra-legal vigilante doesn’t make him a facsist. ---
**Author:** ![Sailboat](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/sailboat/32/461_2.png) [@Sailboat](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Sailboat)\ **Post date:** [November 22, 2012, 10:52pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/films-that-are-anti-democracy/641641/40 "2012-11-22T22:52:27Z")
> [@zoid](#): > > See I disagree with this as well. The samurai fought for an independent Japan as opposed to a puppet government, not a democracy, controlled by the US in order to exploit Japan’s people and resources. Eh. The [Satsuma Rebellion](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satsuma_Rebellion) was primarily about re-establishing the power of individual feudal daimyos, not popular sovereignty, and secondarily about fomenting external war to give the samurai class something they wanted to do – kill people (Koreans in this case). > [@](#): > > Saigō was a strong proponent of war with Korea in the Seikanron debate of 1873. At one point, he offered to visit Korea in person and to provoke a casus belli by behaving in such an insulting manner that the Koreans would be forced to kill him. A war would not only spur the strengthening of Japan’s military, but would restore to the samurai their raison d’être. And, as always, money. > [@](#): > > The modernization of the country meant the abolition of the privileged social status of the samurai class, and had undermined their financial position. As it happened, the defeat of the rebellion did NOT result in Japan being a puppet of Western interests – Japan remained essentially in control of its own destiny, and wound up giving the West a run for its money in 1941. Perhaps the claim that [the movie](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Last_Samurai) is supposedly also based on the “opening” of China by Western mercantile interests has confused things, > [@](#): > > It is also based on the stories of … and Frederick Townsend Ward, an American mercenary who helped Westernize the Chinese army by forming the Ever Victorious Army. …but the rebellion in Japan was not really about Western oppressors – it was about local oppressors resisting national oppressors. [Previous page](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/films-that-are-anti-democracy/641641.md?page=1) [Next page](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/films-that-are-anti-democracy/641641.md?page=3)