Well, there is no EU law re UHC. There is a multi-party treaty including both EU and EFTA countries by which people who pay SS in one country get SS benefits in all others for a limited period of time (the “European SS card”) but there’s no central administration for benefits, nor a law stating minimum coverage for all members.
Spain is nowhere near as big as the US, but it has moved from a centralized system to a “federal” one as different autonomous regions (13 of them) got SS transferred. In general it works well, although the Catalans have had to piss in everybody’s water by getting a different computer system that they claim is incompatible with the ones used by all other regions. This makes getting your medical history transferred more complex if one of the parties involved is Catalonia. To change your doctor within the same region, you just go to any Medical Service offices and they change it in a few minutes; to change it between regions, you need a couple of days for the data to be transmitted electronically. If one of the regions is Catalonia, you actually need things on paper, which is a pain in the booty.
Most benefits are common, although administered locally. They are defined in the Social Security General Law. Regional additional benefits are, as the name says, additional. SiL’s Dad (ALS) moved from Aragon to Navarra shortly after being diagnosed. Since most regional benefits, specifically extra money on his retirement payments, have a “minimum time registered” before they kick in, he wasn’t entitled to those. He did have the benefit of experimental systems like “outpatient hospitalisation” which don’t have that time limit.
Navarra is a “middle of the heap province” for many things, and a single-province region. We’re at about the average province size, about the average population size. We tend to outperform many communities, for example in roads and healthcare; in those things where we’re only at number four or five, the communities consistently above us are Madrid (single province, 10% of the country’s population, tons of universities), Catalonia (four provinces) and Euskadi (3 very small but very rough-country provinces). When a reporter asked our regional president for possible reasons for this, Sanz thought it might be a joke, verified it wasn’t and answered “
good management? Just my WAG, but I’m the President so don’t take my word for it.”
Compact size probably helps us over, say, Castilla-León, but it doesn’t explain why we get better results than Cantabria (a similar size and also in the North) or Murcia (similar size, south).