Huh. I can’t count the number of times I’ve been asked if I know any gender specialists who’d be interested in applying for a job a friend is trying desperately to fill.
In the field of international development, gender specialists are hired to analyze both how policies impact people differently based on gender, and how to give more voice to people whose voices aren’t heard.
To illuminate, based on my very narrow personal experience: I used to work on infrastructure development in Indonesia. Things like road development/maintenance and water and sanitation issues were among our key issues.
At first, I (like many of our engineers and economists, who tended to be older Indonesian or white males) didn’t see gender as relevant to infrastructure. Hey…a road is a road, right? What the hell does gender have to do with road construction? And, a water system is a water system. Don’t men and women benefit equally?
Well, let’s take a serious look at that question. In Indonesia, good roads can make the difference between having a successful microenterprise, or not even being able to start one at all. In order to have a tiny business, you need access to goods, which you get by traveling along the roads from your little village to a commercial center. That only works if the roads are regularly passable, not falling apart from poor maintenance. And guess where small micro-businesses put their stalls? Along roads that are in good enough condition to make regular travel along them worthwhile.
Statistically speaking, who are the people who mostly start micro-enterprises? WOMEN, of course.
So their take on the value of decent roads might be a little different than those of men, who as a group aren’t as entreprenuerial.
Now, let’s look at equality of educational opportunity. Sadly, Indonesia has different expectations about what’s okay for boys and girls to do. A lot of remote communities don’t have good schools available near home - but kids can travel a distance back and forth every day, if the roads are good enough, to a decent school. Without good roads, kids must board, because it’s not practical to make the journey on a daily basis over shitty roads. For better or worse, it’s typical in many Indonesian cultures to feel that it is okay for boys to go off to a boarding school in order to be educated, but girls need to stay home. So if the roads suck, boys get an education, girls don’t.
So suddenly those gender-neutral “why do we care about gender-specific issues, a road is a road is a road” matters aren’t so gender neutral after all. The value of good roads is different for males and females in Indonesia.
And as for water supply - guess which gender benefits more from having running water at home? The women, of course, because they are the ones who spend their lives walking up and down treacherous paths to collect heavy buckets of water every day so that they can have water at home. The mothers are the ones who take care of their little children who get rashes caused by poor health conditions that are the direct result of not having running water for hygiene purposes.
I could go on for pages with additional examples, as I have barely scratched the surface, but you get the idea. It is wrong to dismiss something like road development as obviously gender-neutral, just because you don’t have the training to see that that there are gender implications. The role of a gender specialist is to show that such dismisal is wrong, and could lead to policy decisions that aren’t as beneficial as they could be if dollars were spent more wisely.
Finally, it isn’t just about “ooh, let’s take it upon ourselves to do something for those poor village women, because we have figured out what they need.”
Nope. It’s about helping the women speak for themselves. Consider the representatives on a local government coucil who are charged with deciding whether to spend money on road maintenance or a new town hall or fixing the airport or raising civil servants’ salaries or building schools. Males and females might bring different perspectives to the table on what to prioritize. So it make sense to promote equal representation. That leads to questions of, “and how do we do that?”
Exploring issues like the ones I described above, and coming up with culturally sensitive strategies for ensuring that all voices are heard … that’s one thing you can do with a degree in gender studies.