I’ve lived here for the better part of 13 years (originally from Maine). I spend most of my time north of the city (Alpharetta/Roswell), but will share what I can:
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• Is the city as hideous as I remember it, or are there actually attractive parts? I know Sherman burned it in 1865—but it looks like it was entirely rebuilt in 1978! **
Downtown downtown isn’t bad, like any other city. The south side of the city, near Turner Stadium, and north in Sandy Springs, you will find some dirty, crummy areas (not necessarily poor, just dirty).
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• Public transport (from the suburbs to the city, and within the city)—does this exist? Or does one need a car? I’m used to the NY area, where you’d have to be insane to own a car.
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As was mentioned before, MARTA is not that great (they are changing the name to ‘help the image’). If you are going to the courthouse, or to a ballgame, or someplace right off of a stop, it is convenient, but it covers very little of the city, and stays only in Fulton County. If you are going to live in Marietta, they have their own bus system which you can take to a MARTA train, but you are better off driving (MARTA buses suck too).
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• Is it possible to live in a nice part of the city, or must one live in the 'burbs?
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Property values have gone crazy since about the time of the Olympics. Don’t count on suburbs being cheap either. My brother owns a small house in Buckhead, and he has estimated that its value is increased by about the same amount that his mortgage payments are each month. Likewise, here in Alpharetta, property values are starting to get crazy high. You can find cheap in the 'burbs, but plan on a hell-drive to make up for it.
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• How cosmopolitan a city is it? I know there are “arts,” but how are the libraries, shops, etc.?
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Somewhat cosmopolitan. As mentioned before, the city libraries are bad, but a short (or not so short) drive can lead you to much nicer ones. I highly recommend Roswell’s library as it is a newer building.
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• How long will it take and how much will it cost for me to fly to Phila. (to see family) and NY (to see friends)?
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There are enough daily shuttles that it shouldn’t be too expensive, but I couldn’t give you any quotes.
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• My sister says they really resent us damn Yankees—s’trewth?
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There’s not many natives left. Grab a map of Georgia. Place a thumbtack smack dab in the middle of the city. Draw a circle of radius 40 miles or so. Within that circle, you will find few natives and tends to be an oasis of ‘civilized’ folks. Wander too far out of that circle, however, and it is best not to speak, lest they discern your accent as being ‘not from around here y’all’ (sorry for the blanket assumption, but personal experiences lead me to believe this isn’t far from the truth).
One last thing is traffic here SUCKS! I am fortunate that I currently have an 8-mile drive to work that runs me about 20-25 minutes. At our old office, I traveled 400S to the ‘perimeter’ (285, which circles the city). It was a 22-mile drive that would take 40 minutes on a good day, and 80 on a bad one. Driving THROUGH the city can be even worse, even at late hours. Unfortunately, MARTA is not a very good substitute because of its limited destinations.
Also, Southern hospitality does not apply to driving here. Rubbernecking is atrocious compared to other cities, and generally folks go out of their way to ensure you cannot change lanes (speeding up to block you).
If you live in the 'burbs, and particularly own a house, look forward to water restrictions again this summer. Fulton county had a ban on watering outdoors, where you could water only on odd/even days and then only between the hours of 10pm-5am. Other counties had harsher rules, including one that had a total ban on watering.
A couple of references for you to help adjust to moving here:
http://www.accessatlanta.com <- This has headlines, events, weather, etc. for all things Atlanta
http://www.tardsite.com <- dedicated to the crummy drivers of Atlanta
In any case, welcome, and if you need a guide to get you through your first few weeks, let me know =)