You can if you’re willing to put some time and thought and honesty into what’s going to be a good fit and actively look for such a dog, which was one of the “excruciating” suggestions you objected to. If the OP goes in and talks seriously and honestly to the shelter staff about what their lifestyle and expectations are, the odds are he’ll get something that will work out for everyone. If he just goes to shelter and says “Ooooh, that one’s cute, let’s get it!” the odds that the situation won’t work out shoot way, way up. If his very first dog-owning situation is a disaster, he’s likely to give up on the whole dog idea altogether. In that scenario, everybody loses–he’s miserable for a few months and spends the rest of his life missing out on the joy that owning a well-suited dog can bring, the shelter staff has all the headache and expense of trying to adopt the same animal out a second time, the dog is miserable for a few months and possibly misses out on a chance to be adopted by people he could make happy, and the dog that could have made the OP happy misses out on being adopted.
The extra month of age is usually irrelevant, but having been in a home and returned matters. People don’t want the dog that’s been returned to the shelter, especially if it’s happened more than once–they assume there’s a reason nobody wants to keep him, ya know?
I’m not saying he’s automatically going to be too infirm to walk the dog in a few years, or that he doesn’t know they need to eat, shit, and walk. I’m saying that most people who have never had a dog don’t fully understand just how relentless those needs are, and that his odds of having increased mobility issues or a somewhat lengthy hospital stay in that time frame are higher than if he was 25, or even 45, and it’s worth spending 10 seconds considering how they’ll continue to meet the dog’s needs if those things should happen.