With the conditions you’ve imposed, you won’t get an idea of “how much money people are talking about when it comes to raising taxes”. Everyone agrees, both Republicans and Democrats, that spending has to be cut, and until you know by how much, you can’t determine the necessary tax hikes. By hypothetically not cutting spending, you’ll end up with an unrealistic, inflated figure.
Social security is a defined benefit and you can fiddle around with the numbers and balance out the ledger on social security. You get almost the entire way there by removing the cap on both the tax side and the benefit side. Sure someone who makes 10 million/year over their career will end up getting a $50,000 social security check every month during retirement but they would have to live to be 150 years old just to get their money back with zero interest. If we means tested benefits and removed the cap on the tax side we no longer have a social security problem. Whatever we do if we didn’t have the baby boomers coming through the system we would have a problem as current funding levels so any attempts to balance socials ecurity without addressing benefits to the baby boomers doesn’t actually address the the main source of the problem.
Health care doesn’t work that way. There is no relationship between how much is taken in and how much is paid out. Medicare costs grow significantly faster than any increase in medicare receipts, and I don’t mean just right now as the baby boomers are going onto medicare I mean for last few decades and for the forseeable future. As things stand if we don’t do eanything, medicare will engulf our entire budget within my child’s lifetime. Obama tried to fix that but he only got about a quarter of the way there.
No program can continue to see costs rising at 2 or 3 times the growth in tax receipts forever.
I blame (among other things) the 1990’s cuts in medical residency funding for that. We’re in a shortage situation, and health care providers can charge a premium to those “lucky” enough to gain access to their services.