What was chattel slavery retribution for? The Moorish conquest of Spain?
I am aware of that, but the pseudo religious justifications, just like the pseudo scientific justifications were entirely post-hoc.
I need cheap labor that I can subject to horrific conditions to make money, but as an educated man of the enlightenment, I hold that all human life has value. Therefore, I need to define someone as less than human or as deserving of horrific treatment so I can justify treating them horribly.
That seems to be a particular US curse- being the first-mover, and then getting vilified because our early solution wasn’t the best one.
See cellphone standards and voltage standards for a couple of other salient examples.