Perhaps, but Chinese culture in general had (and still has, I believe, despite the Communists) a polytheistic folk religion far older than Taoism, Confucianism or Buddhism.
But there was a mithter, Adam 
I’m thorry, couldn’t rethith
Correction: Humans seem to have a"God gene" according to a few evolutionary psychologists. There is no actual evidence that VMAT2 (the alleged gene in question) has anything to do with a propensity for humans to believe in gods.
I don’t know whether there’s a correlation, but it’s certainly not true in all cases. In South Korea, for example, there has been a huge upsurge in Christianity in the past 60 years, at the same time as the country moved from dictatorship to democracy, and from third-world poverty to one of the most high-tech countries on Earth. Likewise in China, the number of Christians has exploded as the country has become more free, prosperous, and open to outsiders.
Did RL Neanderthal sites show anything that suggests ritual or magic?
I think they buried goods with their dead, didn’t they?
I was going to say the Piraha too: they take no interest in anything beyond the environment they experience around them, so they have no history beyond living memory, no gods and no concept of afterlife (their language also has no numbers, no colors and various other unusual linguistic traits which is why they’re considered so important for linguistics).
However as kimera says, I seem to recall they do have spirits - the spirit of the trees, spirit of the river, etc. So I guess they don’t really fit the OP’s description.
Edit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirahã_people <– there’s a link about them anyway.
The Pirahã do have myths. The sources that say they don’t are fudging. They same guy (Daniel Everett) who says they don’t have myths also says the “repeat and embellish” narratives they have borrowed from nearby cultures. He is a linguistic anthropologist, not a mythologist, and he seems to use “myth” interchangeably with “creation myth.” And, of course, if they have spirits and an ongoing relationship with them, as it seems they do, it’s a bit strong to say they have no religion.
My daughter and a good friend of hers consider themselves to be “apatheists”, i.e., indifferent to the existence of a god.
They say that they do not need to believe in hell as punishment or heaven as reward in order to keep them from robbing, killing, raping, molesting children, etc., so it’s irrelevant to them if there is a god. It won’t change their behavior either way.
They are quick to point out, however, that if YOU need to believe in eternal torment or reward to keep you from raping, robbing, killing and so forth then you should get yourself to the nearest church, synagogue, mosque, or temple straight away.
Personally, I accept that it’s impossible to prove or disprove the existence of a deity or deities, so I’m agnostic. I don’t see any evidence of god or gods, so I’m pretty much atheist, but I agree with them that either way it won’t change how I live my life.
Your mileage may vary.
The Hadza people apparently do not really have a religion although, like everyone, they have fables/myths. If asked what happens after death, they would modestly reply that they don’t know. It’s not that they do not believe in a god/s, they just accept that they do not know.
The Hadza also have NO rituals - no death rituals (in fact, they are pretty stoic and calm in response to death, often times leaving their dead out to be eaten by hyenas), birth rituals, marriage rituals, which seem to be indicative of religion. (On that note, they also have no implemented concepts of dates, weeks, months, hours, etc. They sleep whenever they want, etc.) I think they are pretty awesome. I would check out the latest issue of National Geographic - there is a whole article on them.
One more thing - they obviously therefore have no shamans, priests, etc.
You cannot have a culture without religion. All cultures are based off of shared beliefs, and shared rituals. So it cannot be a culture by definition, without religion. The belief in a nation-state for instance, is a religious belief. It’s belief in a higher power, involves a wider community and has ritual observances.
This is one of the SDMB’s favorite type of topic: the one where the answer depends on how you define a word that generally doesn’t have a single agreed-upon definition. In this case, I’d argue that shared beliefs and rituals are the definition of “culture,” not “religion.” Religion is usually defined as the set of beliefs about the supernatural specifically, not just beliefs in general.
As PP have mentioned, according to this article, the members of the Hadza tribe who still live as hunter-gatherers have very little superstition/religious belief/rituals.They believe the sun feeds all life, that’s about it.
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2009/12/hadza/finkel-text
Most of the Pgymy tribes in central Africa have very little religion also.
There have been a few, but they were all quickly wiped out by flood, famine, and rogue lightning strikes.
Regarding the Hazda and Pygmies (presumably Mbuti?):
I’m not sure how you can justify the statements “very little religious belief” and “[they] do not really have a religion.” I can see how you can quantify aspects of religion (how much time / how many resources devoted to it, how important, how much does it permeate other aspects of culture), but I cannot see how you’d quantify religion itself. Calvinism is arguably less ritually complex than Catholicism; is it therefore less of a religion? If people have myths, they have sacred narratives; ergo, they have religion. If they have a concept of spirits and / or gods and they have a relationship with those beings, they have religion. Its structure may be simple, but I don’t get the implication that simpler = lesser or = practically non-existent.
Some buried Neandertal corpses are strewn with flowers, suggesting ritual and/or belief in an afterlife. However, we can only infer the reason for these findings, and some anthropologists assert they had nothing to do with ritual.
I’m moving to Sweden. Listening to religious dogma makes me want to vomit. We’ve been exposed to Darwnism for 150years now. When the hell are we going to evolve?
How can any society not believe in some sort of spirituality when even here zombie threads rise from the dead?