They can do this is certain other circumstances. I don’t know the extent, or the rationale (and I’m too grumpy to look it up - any lawyers know the rationale or have a citation?). One example, that comes up relatively often, is retrial of police officers alleged to have violated the civil rights of a suspect, but who were found not guilty of the assault on the victim itself in state court. The Rodney King case is such an example.
Sua