I was going to mention The Day After. I"m not sure if that counts as a “blockbuster”, though.
Generations by William Strauss and Neil Howe didn’t so much start a movement as codify the discussions of who belongs to what generation.
Cultural Literacy by E.D. Hirsch started a movement among educators about what literate adults should be expected to know, or to be kind of familiar with. That lacks the gravity of The Jungle or Uncle Tom’s Cabin, but I think it influenced some well-intentioned programs like No Child Left Behind and Common Core.
These were, amazingly enough, mass market best-sellers back in the 80s in spite of their somewhat narrow focus. I guess the current equivalent would be anything by Michael Phillips or Ta-Nehisi Coates, or books by any author who gets interviewed by Jon Stewart or Billl Maher.
It was a huge cultural event at the time that it premiered (I was a freshman in college), though I think it sort of faded from public consciousness after the '80s.