The problem I have with this cite is calling Holland an “independent country”. It wasn’t - it was a dependent county. It started ( fromn the ninth century ) as a western chunk of the County of Fiesland/Frisia ( which stretched east to the Danish border ). Later it became a seperate county as West Frisia, later yet the County of Holland ( 14th century ). At all times it was a component chunk of the German Kingdom/Holy Roman Empire. Not only was it subject to the emperor/king of the Germans, it also was often vassal to the Dukes of ( successively ) Lorraine and Lower Lorraine. Later it passed to the French Dukes of Burgundy, thence to the Hapsburgs and Spain.
IMHO it can’t be said to have been an independent country until the Dutch War of Independence seperated it from Spain.
- Tamerlane