# How are German school children taught about the World Wars?

**URL:** <https://boards.straightdope.com/t/how-are-german-school-children-taught-about-the-world-wars/583256>\
**Category:** Factual Questions\
**Created:** [May 26, 2011, 4:45am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/how-are-german-school-children-taught-about-the-world-wars/583256 "2011-05-26T04:45:26Z")\
**Posts on this page:** 20\
**Page:** 3

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**Author:** ![aruvqan](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/aruvqan/32/2891_2.png) [@aruvqan](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/aruvqan)\
**Post date:** [May 26, 2011, 3:02pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/how-are-german-school-children-taught-about-the-world-wars/583256/41 "2011-05-26T15:02:44Z")

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> [@constanze](#):
>
> Yes. Not the way the German tourists in Fawlty Towers reacts (by having a nervous breakdown), but the 2nd and 3rd generation (now already the 4th) born after the war would like to stop being tarred with the Nazi brush, precisly because the 2nd and following generation lifted the rug under which Adenauer swept it during the Cold War, and tried hard to make Germany as democratic and ethical as possible.
> 
> What’s also a bit tiring was during the 70s and 80s and 90s, every action movie and TV series that didn’t have Soviets as the baddies had Nazis, and every other plot was Nazis resurrecting/ cloning Hitler. That got old really fast.

:dubious: Are you my friend Christian? He says this exactly. And I actually don’t blame him for feeling that way - as he said, it was his grandfather that was there, not him.

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**Author:** ![John\_Mace](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/john_mace/32/185_2.png) [@John\_Mace](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/John_Mace)\
**Post date:** [May 26, 2011, 3:05pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/how-are-german-school-children-taught-about-the-world-wars/583256/42 "2011-05-26T15:05:03Z")

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Ve have vays of teaching zee kinder about zee Vars!

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**Author:** ![wintertime](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/w/c68b51/32.png) [@wintertime](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/wintertime)\
**Post date:** [May 26, 2011, 3:15pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/how-are-german-school-children-taught-about-the-world-wars/583256/43 "2011-05-26T15:15:04Z")

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> [@John\_Mace](#):
>
> Ve have vays of teaching zee kinder about zee Vars!

[Yes](http://www.amazon.de/drittes-reich-kinder-jugendliteratur-B%C3%BCcher/s?ie=UTF8&rh=n%3A186606%2Ck%3ADrittes%20Reich%3B%20Kinder-%2FJugendliteratur&page=1), [we](http://www.tivi.de/fernsehen/logo/artikel/07822/index.html) [do](http://projects.brg-schoren.ac.at/nationalsozialismus/index.html).

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**Author:** ![EinsteinsHund](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/einsteinshund/32/8400_2.png) [@EinsteinsHund](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/EinsteinsHund)\
**Post date:** [May 26, 2011, 3:29pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/how-are-german-school-children-taught-about-the-world-wars/583256/44 "2011-05-26T15:29:05Z")

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> [@Pitchmeister](#):
>
> WWI is not as widely covered, lacking the particular atrocities of the Holocaust and the comic-like clear lines of good guys vs. bad guys. We do learn about it, but in the collective mind of the German people, 1933-1945 is by far the more defining period.

It’s just my personal experience, but our history class in the Oberstufe (11th-13th grade) covered the whole period of the German Reich from 1871-1945, with a special focus on WWI and the Weimar Republic, as my history teacher considered it important to expound the development and historical causal chain that led to the Third Reich. Today, I’m thankful for that, because to avoid something like that to ever happen again, it’s important to know which flaws the first German republic had, and why. The authors of our constitution (Grundgesetz) knew this flaws very well, and did a decent job to avoid them for the new republic.

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**Author:** ![Kobal2](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/kobal2/32/20_2.png) [@Kobal2](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Kobal2)\
**Post date:** [May 26, 2011, 3:45pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/how-are-german-school-children-taught-about-the-world-wars/583256/45 "2011-05-26T15:45:56Z")

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> [@Hampshire](#):
>
> Do you guys ever get tired of encountering drunk American tourists in your beer halls only wanting to talk about Hitler?

To be fair, beer halls are where tiresome drunks of all stripes are found and made. It’s a rare man who can remain cogent, witty and thought-provoking after 15 days of non-stop Oktoberfesting 🙂

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**Author:** ![Elendil\_s\_Heir](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/e/7cd45c/32.png) [@Elendil\_s\_Heir](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Elendil_s_Heir)\
**Post date:** [May 26, 2011, 3:49pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/how-are-german-school-children-taught-about-the-world-wars/583256/46 "2011-05-26T15:49:23Z")

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> [@constanze](#):
>
> …What’s also a bit tiring was during the 70s and 80s and 90s, every action movie and TV series that didn’t have Soviets as the baddies had Nazis, and every other plot was Nazis resurrecting/ cloning Hitler. That got old really fast.

We had a wonderful young German exchange student visit us in the early '80s and took her to see _Raiders of the Lost Ark_. I apologized afterwards that the Nazis were the villains, but she said she didn’t mind, and had enjoyed the film. I knew her well enough, I don’t think she was just being polite. But I understand your point.

Previous threads that may be of interest:

> **[What do German kids learn about WW2?](https://boards.straightdope.com/sdmb/showthread.php?t=570017)**
>
> Somewhat inspired by the thread about British kids and the American Revolution, I got to thinking about the “de-nazification” of WW2 Germany. When modern German kids learn about the 1930’s and 40’s, what are they taught about their forebears...

> **[How are little German kids taught about Hitler?](https://boards.straightdope.com/sdmb/showthread.php?t=269656)**
>
> For some reason I get the feeling it wasn’t the same stuff I saw in school, the bodies of jews stacked like cordwood, etc. I was taught (in the USA) that every nazi was evil to the core, brainwashed soldiers with no soul that killed thousands of...

> **[Prison Sentence in Germany for Holocaust Denial?](https://boards.straightdope.com/sdmb/showthread.php?t=508515)**
>
> I was following the news of the suspended, then reinstated, Bishop Richard Williamson. Vatican rejects bishop's apology for 'harm and hurt' of Holocaust denial | World news | The Guardian Further, it appears that holocaust denial is a crime,...

> **[How are the Nazi veterans of WWII treated in Germany today?](https://boards.straightdope.com/sdmb/showthread.php?t=597057)**
>
> In the U.S., American World War II vets receive a lot of respect. There are many programs for vets to ensure that no one was left behind after the war. We have memorials to fallen WW2 soldiers and honor them yearly. What about Nazi veterans who...

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**Author:** ![Colibri](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/colibri/32/1841_2.png) [@Colibri](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Colibri)\
**Post date:** [May 26, 2011, 3:51pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/how-are-german-school-children-taught-about-the-world-wars/583256/47 "2011-05-26T15:51:26Z")

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> [@sh1bu1](#):
>
> Isn’t there a rock for you to crawl back under?

**Moderator Warning**

**sh1bu1** , insults are not permitted in GQ. This is an official warning. Do not do this again.

Colibri  
General Questions Moderator

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**Author:** ![wintertime](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/w/c68b51/32.png) [@wintertime](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/wintertime)\
**Post date:** [May 26, 2011, 4:27pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/how-are-german-school-children-taught-about-the-world-wars/583256/48 "2011-05-26T16:27:59Z")

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> [@Hampshire](#):
>
> Do you guys ever get tired of encountering drunk American tourists in your beer halls only wanting to talk about Hitler?

I’ve never experienced that myself; and anyway, American tourists tend to react far more cordially towards me when they realize I’m German and not French or Spanish (we are an international and therefore multi-lingual family and it’s more likely that we quarrel or horse around in those languages publicly than in my mother tongue).

Actually, the one time that an American tourist mentioned something that showed a connection toward the Nazis, I am not sure what he meant to say and didn’t bother to ask; he said, he should have known I wasn’t French because I looked so Aryan.

Hm…

When I was younger, I did mind that someone I didn’t even know could lump me together with those shit-shirts (as my grandfather used to call them, in German, of course (“Kackhemden”), because of their brown shirts), but, really, why care?

> [@EinsteinsHund](#):
>
> It’s just my personal experience, but our history class in the Oberstufe (11th-13th grade) covered the whole period of the German Reich from 1871-1945, with a special focus on WWI and the Weimar Republic, as my history teacher considered it important to expound the development and historical causal chain that led to the Third Reich.

So did we; we were encouraged to read Craig’s “Deutsche Geschichte 1866-1945. Vom Norddeutschen Bund bis zum Ende des Dritten Reiches” as a prep for the Abitur and Hagen Schulze’s books about the Weimar Republic were on the list too - and the establishment of the republic turned out to be a focus of the examination.

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**Author:** ![joebuck20](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/j/74df32/32.png) [@joebuck20](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/joebuck20)\
**Post date:** [May 26, 2011, 5:28pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/how-are-german-school-children-taught-about-the-world-wars/583256/49 "2011-05-26T17:28:28Z")

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WRT to WWI, I’d be curious to know what they’re taught about the Treaty of Versailles.

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**Author:** ![EinsteinsHund](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/einsteinshund/32/8400_2.png) [@EinsteinsHund](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/EinsteinsHund)\
**Post date:** [May 26, 2011, 5:50pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/how-are-german-school-children-taught-about-the-world-wars/583256/50 "2011-05-26T17:50:44Z")

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> [@wintertime](#):
>
> So did we; we were encouraged to read Craig’s “Deutsche Geschichte 1866-1945. Vom Norddeutschen Bund bis zum Ende des Dritten Reiches” as a prep for the Abitur and Hagen Schulze’s books about the Weimar Republic were on the list too - and the establishment of the republic turned out to be a focus of the examination.

Mine was about the causes for the outbreak of WWI (and you know what a complicated mess that was - I couldn’t explain it now). I’ve often heard WWI referred to as "Urkatastrophe des 20. Jahrhunderts " (“original catastrophe of the 20th century”), or in other words, the whole shit began in 1914.

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**Author:** ![Sailboat](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/sailboat/32/461_2.png) [@Sailboat](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Sailboat)\
**Post date:** [May 26, 2011, 5:50pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/how-are-german-school-children-taught-about-the-world-wars/583256/51 "2011-05-26T17:50:58Z")

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> [@Krokodil](#):
>
> [The Nasty Girl](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0100557/) is a wonderful 1990 movie about this very subject.

> [@constanze](#):
>
> And based on a true story.

Interestingly, when I went to the Wikipedia link for [Ann Rosmus](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Rosmus), the real person on whom it was based, I found this:

[QUOTE=Wikipedia]  
Anna Rosmus, also known as Anja Rosmus-Wenninger, is a German author and researcher born in 1960 in Passau, Bavaria.

…

As a child and adolescent she started developing an interest in contemporary history, especially that of the Third Reich. The subject was barely mentioned at school.

…

Nevertheless, at age 20, she started digging into the past. Upon further questioning of some of Passau’s elders, Rosmus came across a widespread silence and refusal to provide specific information  
[/QUOTE]  
.

She would have been 20 in 1980. That seems to contradict what some have said in this thread. Example (not picking on anyone specifically):

> [@wintertime](#):
>
> That changed in the late 60s and the 70s; a new generation that had been too young to be part of the so called “Tätergeneration” (the generation of perpetrators), was growing up and started to break with the silence of their parents.
> 
> In was in that time that society internalized democratic thinking and behaviour – and the young generation of students at the universities who were to become teachers transferred this attitude into the classrooms.
> 
> The public discourse changed back then and so did society.

Maybe it was taught differently in different jurisdictions? Rosmus’s story seems to be about a particularly problematic community; maybe her experience doesn’t match that of others.

As an American, my only relevant experience was with a German exchange student we fostered. I posted about that in the “Baffling gaps in knowledge” [thread](http://boards.straightdope.com/sdmb/showpost.php?p=7893806&postcount=56).

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**Author:** ![obbn](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/o/d6d6ee/32.png) [@obbn](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/obbn)\
**Post date:** [May 26, 2011, 5:56pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/how-are-german-school-children-taught-about-the-world-wars/583256/52 "2011-05-26T17:56:43Z")

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> [@Capitaine\_Zombie](#):
>
> Considering the unavoidable chest thumping of the OP, I am fucking glad all of Western Europe took the scientific road over the myth one in teaching history to our kids.

I am glad that you said “unavoidable chest thumping” becuase that wasn’t my intent. The point I was trying to make is that it is realatively easy for schools in the United States to talk about military events of our past because for the most part we were victorious. It is not hard to teach that you were on the winning side.  
With that said I have the utmost respect for Germany and its citizens and soldiers. I read a lot about the World Wars and I can find mountains of books written about the Allied soldier, but very few about the German soldier (from their point of views, life as a soldier). I find the Germans not much different from us, meaning that during the war they were fighting for something that wasn’t their doing and they did the best job they could. I was just curious how the wars were taught to today’s children. The fact is Germany suffered terribly by the defeats of two World Wars and it is interesting to understand how that is taught.  
My apologies to our German friends if I came off as trying to rub salt in wounds, that was not my intent.

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**Author:** ![EinsteinsHund](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/einsteinshund/32/8400_2.png) [@EinsteinsHund](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/EinsteinsHund)\
**Post date:** [May 26, 2011, 5:58pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/how-are-german-school-children-taught-about-the-world-wars/583256/53 "2011-05-26T17:58:45Z")

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> [@joebuck20](#):
>
> WRT to WWI, I’d be curious to know what they’re taught about the Treaty of Versailles.

Oh, that was a big deal. We were basically taught that the liabilities and morally humiliation of the Germans caused by the treaty were the main reason that the Weimar republic failed and always kept the right wing political forces from 1918-33 strong, because it gave them a perfect handle to appeal to the nationalist feelings of the people.

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**Author:** ![Sailboat](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/sailboat/32/461_2.png) [@Sailboat](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Sailboat)\
**Post date:** [May 26, 2011, 6:06pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/how-are-german-school-children-taught-about-the-world-wars/583256/54 "2011-05-26T18:06:45Z")

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> [@EinsteinsHund](#):
>
> Mine was about the causes for the outbreak of WWI (and you know what a complicated mess that was - I couldn’t explain it now). I’ve often heard WWI referred to as "Urkatastrophe des 20. Jahrhunderts " (“original catastrophe of the 20th century”), or in other words, the whole shit began in 1914.

The prologue of John Keegan’s _The Second World War_, “Every Man a Soldier,” does a spectacular job of clarifying the trends that led to the _First_ World War, which of course _caused_ the Second.

This is a tiny excerpt, but anyone interested should read the original:

> [@](#):
>
> The truth of 20th century European civilization was that the world it dominated was pregnant with war. The enormous wealth, energy and population increase released by Europe’s industrial revolution in the 19th century had transformed the world. It had created productive and exploitative industries… linked the productive regions of the world with a network of communications… generated the riches to increase tenfold the population of historic cities. It had built the infrastructure - schools, universities, libraries, laboratories, churches, missions - of a vibrant, creative and optimistic world civilization. Above all, and in dramatic and menacing counterpoint to the century’s works of hope and promise, it had created armies, the largest and potentially most destructive instruments of war the world had ever seen.

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**Author:** ![EinsteinsHund](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/einsteinshund/32/8400_2.png) [@EinsteinsHund](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/EinsteinsHund)\
**Post date:** [May 26, 2011, 6:19pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/how-are-german-school-children-taught-about-the-world-wars/583256/55 "2011-05-26T18:19:22Z")

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> [@Sailboat](#):
>
> Maybe it was taught differently in different jurisdictions? Rosmus’s story seems to be about a particularly **problematic community** ; maybe her experience doesn’t match that of others.

[Emphasis mine]

This. The story happened in Passau, a provincial town in the then still very conservative Bavaria. I don’t want to pick on Passau or Bavaria specially, it could have happened in hundreds of other municipalities in West Germany (I can’t speak for the DDR) at the time, but the fact that it was a conservative, provincial town is a crucial point to the story.

> [@](#):
>
> As an American, my only relevant experience was with a German exchange student we fostered. I posted about that in the “Baffling gaps in knowledge” [thread](http://boards.straightdope.com/sdmb/showpost.php?p=7893806&postcount=56).

I’ve read your story the second time now, and I can only assert that this was no typical German born post-1960. There are always people who just don’t give a shit about history, or are lazy and skip classes, but I’m sure there were teachers in his life who \*tried \*to teach him WWII history. Btw., when did this incident happen, and how old was the exchange student?

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**Author:** ![constanze](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/c/f9ae1b/32.png) [@constanze](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/constanze)\
**Post date:** [May 26, 2011, 6:45pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/how-are-german-school-children-taught-about-the-world-wars/583256/56 "2011-05-26T18:45:55Z")

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> [@obbn](#):
>
> The point I was trying to make is that it is realatively easy for schools in the United States to talk about military events of our past because for the most part we were victorious.

I wanted to adress this a bit more: Wars are generally not taught as series of battles, but rather, the whole context and surrounding issues. A few decisive battles may be mentioned - the Battle of Stalingrad, for example - but we rather look at the big picture. \*

Another point: as has been adressed in the previous threads, it’s difficult today to seperate out what we were taught in school and what we learned through reading books on our own, or from history specials on TV. In the last decades, Guido Knopp (professor of history!) has made a larger number of history documentaries for the public ZDF channel. This is not comparable to how the US History (Hitler) channel sounds like; there is no dramatization of secrets, exaggeration or similar.

Instead, they start with the big picture overview, and then interview some witnesses who lived back then; often from both sides, German and Allies, soldiers and civilians. So we hear from a German civilian how terrible it was to sit in the bomb shelter, and then an UK civilian tells the same thing about the London Blitz (and in both cases, children were evacuated to the countryside). Hearing about personal experiences makes dry facts more alive and moving. The BBC also has some well-made specials.

As for books, I read for example “Der Junge der seinen Geburtstag vergass” (The boy who forgot his birthday) about WWI; “Tante Linas Kriegskochbuch” (Aunt Linas war cook book) with not only recipes, but stories of the people in one house in the city of Gelsenkirchen; Gersdorff memories (an officer on the Eastern Front who tried to blow up Hitler in 1943).

And of course I have heard the stories of war and postwar from my relatives.

- Another problem is that battles are known under different names in different countries! When I was in the US, and the history teacher talked about the “Battle of the Bulge”, I had no idea what he was referring to, I heard that name for the first time. Today, wikipedia is my friend and tells me that this means the “Ardennenoffensive”, which we know as last-ditch effort to stop the western advance. It’s much debated because it would have been a far better use of resources - from a tactical standpoint - to put those soldiers at the Eastern front to delay the Russians while evacuating the civilians, instead of pulling soldiers from the East and waste them against the Yanks.

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**Author:** ![constanze](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/c/f9ae1b/32.png) [@constanze](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/constanze)\
**Post date:** [May 26, 2011, 6:50pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/how-are-german-school-children-taught-about-the-world-wars/583256/57 "2011-05-26T18:50:00Z")

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> [@EinsteinsHund](#):
>
> This. The story happened in Passau, a provincial town in the then still very conservative Bavaria. I don’t want to pick on Passau or Bavaria specially, it could have happened in hundreds of other municipalities in West Germany (I can’t speak for the DDR) at the time, but the fact that it was a conservative, provincial town is a crucial point to the story.

An extremly conservative city - Passau is infamous even in Bavaria for being ultra-conservative and black (CSU-party).

For comparision, I went to school in Munich in the 80s, and my experience is that of EinsteinsHund, spending almost the whole 11th grade history on the 3rd Reich.

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**Author:** ![Pitchmeister](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/pitchmeister/32/3459_2.png) [@Pitchmeister](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Pitchmeister)\
**Post date:** [May 26, 2011, 7:53pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/how-are-german-school-children-taught-about-the-world-wars/583256/58 "2011-05-26T19:53:34Z")

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I wish they would have taught this is regard to WWI, it would have made history class feel much more alive:

[If WWI were a barfight](http://boards.straightdope.com/sdmb/showthread.php?t=584603)

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**Author:** ![wintertime](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/w/c68b51/32.png) [@wintertime](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/wintertime)\
**Post date:** [May 26, 2011, 7:59pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/how-are-german-school-children-taught-about-the-world-wars/583256/59 "2011-05-26T19:59:28Z")

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> [@constanze](#):
>
> An extremly conservative city - Passau is infamous even in Bavaria for being ultra-conservative and black (CSU-party).
> 
> For comparision, I went to school in Munich in the 80s, and my experience is that of EinsteinsHund, spending almost the whole 11th grade history on the 3rd Reich.

Seconded, ahem, thirded, Passau has been - to use a German word - erzkonservativ for a long time, which also means that it is a stronghold of directly opposed political cabaret. Those places make history a present day experience; regrettably, this isn’t always fun.

**Sailboat** , I hope three data points with similar experiences in history class but from different federal states give you some reason to not call your exchange student typical. Sure, you will meet the _totally_ clueless with certainty time and again but they made an effort to not learn a thing about history: not in school, not in the mass media (Constanze has already mentioned Guido Knopp’s work for tv and there are many more), not by reading books or walking through an exhibition. That can’t be helped.

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**Author:** ![wintertime](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/w/c68b51/32.png) [@wintertime](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/wintertime)\
**Post date:** [May 26, 2011, 8:36pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/how-are-german-school-children-taught-about-the-world-wars/583256/60 "2011-05-26T20:36:32Z")

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> [@obbn](#):
>
> My apologies to our German friends if I came off as trying to rub salt in wounds, that was not my intent.

No apology necessary, no salt present. World War I is a complicated affair, I doubt that you will find many Germans (or historians) who will accept a “black hat - white hat” point of view, but in contrast to a wide-spread belief during the Weimar Republic, most modern Germans accept that we lost the war without ifs and buts. That fact is not a wound.

World War II is not complicated at all in one aspect: Germany started it and lost it. Not a wound either. The crimes related to the war and to the political system of the time are a different matter because of the horrifying momentousness of it all. But it’s our heritage just like every other bit of our history.You can’t push the horrible away and embrace the glorious - it’s all ours. But I wouldn’t call it a wound either, not any longer. We were born decades after those events and the society that made those crimes possible does not exist any more. It’s not an original sin that has turned us guilty for eternity - but it has changed us, without a doubt. The present is the way it is because of those events and every prior one and the lessons that we learned and the lessons that we failed to learn. The Third Reich is one lesson that we tried hard to learn well.

And if it’s any help ;), you are going to lose wars too. Our ancestors had their time of dominance, so did the French and the British, the Romans prior to us all, the Chinese far in the East and many more.

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