Centrifugal force.
If the ring starts out stationary, and continues to acclerate (spin faster and faster), then you’d also be pushed against a spoke. But that’s not how a rotating habitat would work. It’d be rotating at a constant speed, so the only force on you is centrifugal force.
Okay let’s get rid of the spokes. The wheel starts spinning. You should continue floating in the same spot without moving towards the ring wall.
That is quite true. Let us assume that Bob starts in the center of our space habitat. Bob experiences no gravity, spokes or no spokes.
If there are spokes, with ladder rungs or something, and Bob can reach or otherwise get to one of the spoke walls from where he is, then he could pull himself along the latter, moving away from the center and spinning with the rest of the habitat. Bob will gradually develop weight, and then he will need to climb down the rest of the ladder in traditional fashion.
If there are no spokes, and Bob is shoved away from the center at a gentle speed, he will drift towards the ‘floor’ in a still mostly weightless way. As he gets towards the floor, there will be some wind effect of air that is mostly rotating along with the floor, pushing him in that direction, but I don’t think that would be enough to give him a full affect of gravity, depending on the size of the habitat. (If someone has the numbers, or just common sense argument, to prove me wrong on this, I’d be glad to see it.) 
and IF he approaches the floor while it’s spinning away under him, then he’ll probably acquire that spin speed and gravity very quickly when he touches it - along with some scrapes and bumps.
Does this help clear anything up?
True. So if the ring is about to start spinning, and you want to end up on the floor, you need to grab onto the ring before it starts spinning. After the ring is up to speed you can walk around normally on the floor (or “ring wall” if you insist, though it will look and feel like a floor to you).
In practice, the ring would be rotationg all the time. And if you want to arrive on it with a spaceship, the spaceship needs to match speeds with the ring (constant 1-G thrust so it’s following a circular path right next to the ring), and then connect to the ring. Either that or you dock at the “hub” and take an elevator down to the surface.
Right, I see how this would work like say on a ride at a carnival. But that’s on Earth with gravity having an effect on centrifugal force. All I see in the space ring scenario is the ring floor just sliding beneath me as it rotates.
Because of the radial acceleration you experience as your linear momentum vector is forced to change as you rotate (i.e. you would go in a straight line if not restrained by the ring).
The tangential acceleration you would experience as the rotational speed of the ring increases or decreases is called the Euler (azimuthal) acceleration. However, once the ring is spinning at a constant speed you no longer experience this acceleration.
Stranger
You still have friction in space. If you floated towards the inner surface of the ring and hit it, the friction will bring you up to speed. (Though that’s not the most pleasent way to match speed with the ring.)
You’re right, to a certain extent. If you and the ring are stationary in 0g, and then the ring begins to spin, you’re going to stay in the same place, assuming you have no physical contact with the ring.
Until you encounter one of the walls dividing the rooms along the ring wall/floor. Then you will rapidly and rudely be accelerated to the speed of the rotating ring, at which point you will also accelerate towards the floor (outer ring wall).
Or slightly less rudely, if you don’t hit a wall, then eventually air resistance will bring you up to the same speed as the outer wall (floor).
Think about this a bit: Water being pushed against the wall of the bucket means that effectively, the side of the bucket is “down”. So if that’s the way it worked, the effect would be like setting a bucket of water down on the ground on its side.
Have you been on one of those? At the top you are still being squashed outwards towards the rim.
ETA: Oh, and an object on a spinning ring is being accelerated even when the ring is revolving at a constant speed. Acceleration is change in speed *or *direction.
You are TOTALLY misunderstanding centrifugal force. It has nothing to do with gravity. Nothing.
Bump.
Stranger On A Train lost me at the word “integrate”, so maybe this’ll work: I know that a common figure cited for big cylindrical O’Neil colonies built with structural steel was 3km in radius. I presume the stress on the structure goes up as the square of the radius. So if someone can cite me strength/weight ratios for structural steel and the expected achievable ratio for nanofiber, that would do.