Most often Vicky < Vikram (or Bicky < Bikram).
In Iceland the child would simply be given a matronym. I think in Russia (where people have both patronyms & family names) if paternity was undeclared the child would be given it’s mother’s family name and her patronym instead of having a matronym, but that’s based on Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears.
In the Qur’an, Jesus goes by his matronym in Arabic: ‘Isa ibn Maryam.
Do you know why that is? Surely they don’t accept the concept of the virgin birth of Jesus, so why wouldn’t he just be Isa ibn Youssef?
I have lots of Indian students, and many of them four or more names. Some of them will have NLN included in their name, such as Subhash Ghandhi Patel NLN. It took me years to figure out what that meant, when one day I was looking at immigration forms. They will often cram all their names into the “first name” slot on the form, and the computer fills in NLN (“no last name”) in the last name slot.
I don’t know a whole lot about Islam, but a Muslim friend once told me that Muslims do accept the virgin birth and a quick Google backs this up. Here’s Wikipedia on the subject.
I’m certainly no expert on Islam, but I understand that Abraham, Moses, Jesus and other Biblical figures are considered prophets of god in Islam. So perhaps having a miracle such as virgin birth associated with Jesus is just fine.
There are actual Muslims on this board who certainly could give a statement much more reliable than my partial memory.
Among Marathi Hindus, the naming convention is similar but also happens to fit in with western conventions. Sons get a given name, the father’s first name as a middle name, and an often-but-not-exclusively geographic surname. A name that ends in -kar denotes a relationship with a town of village in Marathi (and I think in Gujarati too).
So Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar is the son of Ramji and his family is from the village of Ambadawe In fact, his father apparently changed Bhimrao’s surname (but not his own) from Sakpal though they didn’t live in Ambadawe by the time he was born. This perhaps gives you some idea of how casual Indians are about these things.
He’s also a good example of another Indian convention - using only the first and middle initial when rendering names (particularly of professionals and political figures). In Indian sources, Gandhi is usually “M. K. Gandhi” when his honorifics aren’t used.
The place-name surnames can also be confusing because the whole place name is rarely used. There are villages called Ambadawe and Ambavade in Maharashtra, and people named Ambedkar could originally be from either.
Obligatory Goodness Gracious Me reference.
Just like someone might be called Juan or John, or Miguel or Michael, or Enrique or Ricky, depending on if they’re talking to someone in English or Spanish. It’s the same name, just in a different form.
Huh? No way! Tamil has retroflex consonants, which no Indo European language has.
ETA: Ninja’d by Hector St. Clare.
Yes, but Juan and John and Miguel and Michael are simply regional variations on the same names. There is no English analogue for all but a handful of Indian names. My name is Neil, because my parents wanted a name that works in Hindi and in English, but that is pure happenstance. There’s no relationship between the Gaelic *Niall *and the Hindi Neel. That said, a lot of non-resident Indians adopt western names, like Bruce, Nick, Mike, Sunny, Sam and Gary Patel. 
Or Bobby Jindal.
I just got back from two weeks in India, and everyone I met there has very smoothly worked a variant of, “please call me name,” into their standard introduction, particularly in business settings. There are so many naming conventions around the world, that I’m perfectly content to go with the name they ask me to call them and not really think any deeper than that. On the other hand, I do find cultural differences like this interesting, so if I get to know someone, I could see asking them more detail about their name.
We went to a wedding in Chennai a few years back and the bride’s father, when introducing himself, said, “just call me VS.” I assumed that he was taking it easy on us linguistically-challenged Americans, but I heard lots of his family call him that as well, so it appears that sort of “nickname” isn’t unusual.
The other naming convention I found fascinating was when we were visiting one of my wife’s co-workers, who had recently given birth. We asked about the girl’s name, and were told that she didn’t have one; she would get one at her naming ceremony when she turned 2 years old. Can you imagine the bureaucratic hell you would unleash in the US trying to get your child medical attention, etc., if they didn’t have a name for the first two years of their life?
India is rightly known for its own brand of bureaucratic hell. But medical services still run largely on cash.
Heh. Long ago I used to process graduate school applications from international students. Every time one popped up with a 16-letter-long South Asian surname, I knew without checking they were from Sri Lanka.
(The other group with form-field-breakingly long names were the Thai applicants.)
Take out that comma to make the sentence true. Tamil has retroflex consonants which no Indo-European language has. “That” would work better than “which” in this example.
Tamil has the retroflex l ள, but then Indo-European Marathi also has it: ळ - an areal effect, from Marathi bordering on Dravidian-speaking areas like Kannada, Tulu, Telugu, and Malayalam, among others. Which must be how Pashto also picked up retroflex consonants. Because there’s no other route for them to have gotten into Pashto when no other Iranic languages have them. It seems that proto-Dravidian in the first place, having migrated from Central Asia/Afghanistan/Iran to India, caught the retroflex from the autochthonous languages of India, the Munda languages.
The Tamil retroflex approximant ழ is also shared by Malayalam; Old Kannada used to have it, but not any more. The same sound occurs as an allophone of /r/ in some American English dialects (but not mine)—but being an allophone it never rises to the dignity of a phoneme in English, only South Dravidian.
As Johanna said, there are retroflex consonants in Tamil that aren’t in other languages.
But other Indian languages certainly have retroflex consonants.
And there are other Indian languages with many more total consonants than Tamil has.