tL;DR: The human seamlessly enhanced by the computer will be the best solution for emergency situations, until you have an actual rally driver for an AI.
To anyone who thinks I’m a Luddite or am scared of the car taking over: I’m not, but conceding control to the computer to the point where it’s mandatory in the short term isn’t really feasible at all. The human being enhanced by the machine is the state of the art in driving, and it’s going to be for the near future.
To illustrate: My car is a WRX. It has ABS/Stability Control/Traction Control. They are effective, but I don’t have to turn them off to get the car to be unstable. If I’ve decided to floor the throttle and things slip, it does not cut the throttle completely, it applies brakes to the slipping wheels, and moderates the throttle to keep brake wear at a minimum. It does not completely eliminate wheel spin when active, but relies on the AWD system to try to manage the power, and generally go where the monkey points it.
I have to go to work no matter what the weather. Snow, ice, rain, the dark of night, etc. So, I was heading to work on a snowy/icy night, and was entering the freeway at approximately 15-20mph. I was behind a Camry, following far enough away to be safe as long as no one did anything completely insane.
Of course, the Camry is piloted by a madman. The roads are not bad, but the bridges are sheet ice. As soon as their rear wheels get to the end of the entrance ramp and on the first bridge: they nail the brakes, spin into the jersey curb, and they come to a stop faster than almost any car can on dry pavement – much less ice. I don’t have time to stop, and I don’t really have space to steer around the Camry, since he’s now taking up more than one lane.
I’m aware enough that I know the next two lanes aren’t occupied, so I crank the wheel over, spin the car, and floor it across two lanes. I might spin out into the other side of the bridge or glance my back end off the other car; but I’m not just gonna blast into the side of this Camry, which is now stopped perpendicular to me.
So as I get into the far lane, I turn into the spin and ease off the throttle, and the stability system goes into full force. Instead of me flinging the ass end of the car back and forth (or just doing donuts) and praying that I’m good enough today to get my ass out of what I’ve gotten myself into: it settles the car down in a manner that I never could, no matter what controls were available to me. The car and I slide into the third lane as if it was all a choreographed stunt. 46 miles later I arrive at work tired, but unscathed.
Now, if you have me in a race of 21 drivers, I’m going to lay my money on my coming in 10th or 11th. I am the definition of an average “skilled” driver. Without AWD, I would have certainly crashed that night. I would not have had the traction necessary to avoid the accident on ice without it. Without the automated systems, my route to regaining control of the car would have doubtless been a very exciting trip, even if I didn’t hit the other side of the bridge.
Again, I’m average, and the safety systems on my car are a bit primitive (hey, depending on the system, automatic braking would be nice), but I’d say that the self-driving car would have to be at least our equal in that sort of situation (and really a great deal more variety of situations than that) before it would be wise to make the self-driving car mandatory.