On all the early Russian missions, so far as I know. One piece of standard equiment for cosmonauts was a wristwatch with a built-in circular slide rule.
The cryptanalytic bombes that broke the Enigma codes in World War II were simply rotors and relays. Plus a huge amount of ingenuity and wire.
The SAGE units were still in operation when my wife worked at the AF Base Library about 800 feet from one such building, in the mid 1970s. Imagine a three-story blockhouse, square in footprint and perhaps 500 feet on a side, full of nothing but vacuum tube computer (plus spare parts and working areas for the technicians attending it). And the net memory available to this behemoth? A whopping 64KB!!
I’m truly amazed by those uses of SAGE apparatus in TV series and movies – I felt sure that the stuff on the Seaview was all made-up malarky, but apparently they use real military computer hardware. No wonder most of the Visions of the Future look the same! I’m truly amazed at the fact that ABC News as recently as 1996 stuck old SAGE parts “for show” on the set.
One place that didn’t use old SAGE hardware was the original version of The Fly – it was still being developed and used back then. I remember sitting at a screening at MIT and listening to the old computer hands behind me arguing about which hardware that really was in David Hedison’s lab.
The story of ENIAC, which used 19,000 vacuum tubes and 1,500 relays.