As has been pointed out, Nixon was eventually sort of forgiven. The Johnson administration got the USA embroiled in Vietnam, a war vastly more horrible than Iraq, and he’s still regarded with a lot of respect for some reason.
Historically the “legacy” of Presidential administrations is judged by four factors, which, from what I can tell, fall more or less in order as such:
1. Achievement of an enormous accomplishment that is perceived to have saved the country.
Basically, this means George Washington, Abraham Lincoln and FDR, whose accomplishments transcend the next three categories.
**2. Whether or not the President was re-elected. **
Single-term Presidents are almost always regarded as failures by definition. Carter and Bush 1.0 are not regarded as great Presidents despite the fact that neither screwed anything up as badly as Bush 2.0 has, and even though both men have been respected for their work since leaving office. Losing their re-election bids, however, defined their administrations as failures in people’s memory; the l;ast thing they ever did as President was lose, and nobody likes a loser.
3. The performance of the economy during the administration.
Herbert Hoover was one of the greatest Americans of the early 20th century, a man of dignity, compassion and intelligence, who did more to help people than any other three Presidents I can think of. Look up his record on famine relief in Europe. But what do you remember him for?
There is a very strong correlation between economic performance and how people regard the President, even if the President didn’t really have much to do with it. Hoover is blamed for the Depression, though it really was not his fault. Clinton is credited with huge economic gains that really weren’t his doing. Carter is blamed for a recession that started under Nixon, while Reagan is credited for a natural recovery from that recession.
4. Scandal and corruption.
A lot of things DON’T seem to have much impact on historical regard of PResidents, but there is no doubt that big time scandals do seem to cause black marks in history books. Ulysses S. Grant was a war hero (in two wars), a re-elected President and instrumental in a number of critical recovery steps after the Civil War, a man of tremendous courage, but his administration was as corrupt as a game of Monopoly at the Gotti household, and it’s almost all anyone remembers about his Presidency. Nixon, as has been pointed out, actually had some accomplishments, including the biggest foreign relations coup in American history, but the word that defines him is “Watergate.”
So how does Bush stack up? Item 1 doesn’t apply, obviously, so let’s examine the others:
- Bush was re-elected.
- The economy has not performed badly while he was President. (It may perform badly later as a result of his terrible deficits, but that will not matter in memory; people will blame the President in office when the bill comes due.)
- There have been some significant scandals, but none as gigantic as Watergate or Teapot Dome. The single largest scandla, IMHO, is lying about the war, but lying to get into wars doesn’t matter; see below.
Conversely, there are some things that, from my observation, do not seem to have any effect on a President’s reputation:
1. Killing foreigners. Killing non-Americans has virtually no impact on a President’s memory. Johnson and Nixon don’t take as much flack as you might expect for killing at least two million Southeast Asians. Andrew Jackson, as Liberal/tarian likes to point out, murdered lots of American Indians (okay, they’re Americans, but weren’t considered such then) and he’s on the money. Nobody cares that McKinley killed lots and lots of Filipinos.
2. Starting wars. Even if started on ridiculous pretenses, such as the Tonkin or Maine incidents, Presidents are NOT negatively viewed for starting wars. Kennedy and Johnson both generally get a pass for Vietnam, though many hated Johnson at the time; Johnson is now viewed more or less positively, and Kennedy has been raised to the status of demigod despite not really doing anything of note. McKinley isn’t reviled for his imperialist crusade against Spain. Reagan is widely admired despite his interference in Central America. James K. Polk isn’t reviled for the Mexican-American War.
3. Personal Indiscretions. People whined and bitched about Bill Clinton chasing skirts but he still got elected twice despite being a known philanderer and if it was still allowed and he wanted to, he’d be re-elected this year. FDR banged his secretary; Jefferson had jungle fever. Generally speaking such things get swept under the rug and people eventually stop caring, if they ever did.
It’s really quite impossible to say how history will regard the Bush administration, but I’m going to go out on a limb, based on the pattern of history to date, and make a prediction:
George W. Bush’s administration will be regarded more or less neutrally, much like the administrations of Eisenhower or Wilson. The Iraq War will not be heavily counted against him because wars are never heavily counted against the memory of a Presidential administration.