As an employee of the National Marrow Donor Program, I can answer a few questions raised in this thread.
But first: Good on you, CutterJohn, for volunteering, and for keeping us up to date so we could find you after nine years.
I don’t think we have any “bits” of you lying around here in the office. 
Nine years ago, we either collected 50 ml of your blood in a vial, or pricked your finger and dabbed your blood on a special filter paper card. Either way, your blood sample was shipped off to an HLA lab to be tissue typed. When your HLA antigens were characterized, we entered them into our HUGE database (we have more than 7 million volunteers now!).
It was a computerized search of that volunteer donor registry that matched you to a searching patient.
That searching patient could be anywhere in the world. You were contacted by a center in Iowa because that’s the site that has your contact information. I presume because you registered with us through our local affiliate there.
Anyway, if you match and donate, you will stay local, and your cells will be whisked away to the awaiting patient.
As for why 4-6 months is mentioned, it’s probably because the patient has a slowly progressing disease, and not an acute disease such as one of the acute leukemias. So the patient’s doctors may be giving him or her chemotherapy or other drug therapy to get him or her in better shape for an eventual transplant. (Transplants do better when a patient is in remission.)
In any case, good for the patient’s doctors for planning in advance. We loose too many BMT recipients because the doctors wait too long to start a search of our unrelated donor registry, and it takes time, sometime lots of time, to find a matching donor (and test him or her, do a physical exam, do the necessary education/consent process, etc.).
Anyway, your next sample will probably be taken via a buccal swab, a Q-tip brushed against the inside of your cheek. (But it may also be blood … our procedures vary depending on several clinical factors.)
So, as far as donation choices… Yes, you can still get the needles in the hip, which takes bone marrow from your pelvic bones. You need some sort of anesthesia (general or spinal), and that’s a major concern for many donors. Plus, if you have any sort of lower back issues, then you don’t want to donate bone marrow (and we won’t let you) because punching the needles into your pelvis stresses your spine.
We can also give you the filgrastim that a poster mentioned. (We like to say that the drug *mobilizes *the stem cells in your bone marrow into the blood stream, not *squeezes *them!)
But anyway, filgrastim can cause moderate to severe nausea, headaches and bone pain. Most of the time this nausea/pain is low to moderate and it goes away in 1-2 days. But some donors don’t do well with this drug, and they experience lots of these side effects. But even though their experience is worse than usual, their side effects will also rapidly go away when you stop taking the drug.
So … donating either way requires making a serious medical decision (but we haven’t lost any of our 32,000 donors so far!). If you match and do decide to donate, you will be given an extensive physical exam and extensive education about both processes. (I think our consent form is about 12 pages long!)
So, sit tight CutterJohn, stay healthy, and if you match and decide to donate: Thank you. You could save someone’s life.
Spiff