In the Northeast and Midatlantic U.S., the fall line (where water flowing downhill through hilly areas hits the flat, tidal area) runs from southwest to northeast. Cities tended to end up there because that was as far as ships could navigate before having to unload. The tidal areas were swampy and the tides keep water from flowing out to sea, so the water was often fetid. The water above the fall line is cleaner, so the rich would claim that area and leave the land below the fall line to the poor.
Oslo sits at the north end of a fjord. The areas closest to the water - that is, the southern edge of the city for the most part - are generally more fashionable, therefore more expensive, areas.
Which area of town is considered the worst changes from time to time. At the moment, a few neighborhoods in the inner east side, and some neighborhoods along the highway heading out of town to the northeast, are considered the roughest. The very southernmost part of the city is also less than ideal, but just north of that is one of the most expensive parts of town.
I actually live in one of the townships outside Oslo. The south end of this township borders the fjord and is home to large single-family homes and luxury apartments. The popular image is that we don’t have low-income areas, which is false. They are to the northwest.
The same applies to the state of Georgia as a whole. North Georgia is generally considered to be the metro Atlanta area and everything north to the state border. Middle/Central and South Georgia cover everything south of metro Atlanta. The point where Middle/Central Georgia becomes South Georgia is anyone’s guess but the landscape, population and socioeconomic factors are much the same. Income, quality of living, education, healthcare and all other factors associated with financial prosperity are much greater in North Georgia compared to the rest of the state. The only significant exception is the ‘metro’ Savannah area, located on the Georgia coast. Due to its historic significance, it is a major tourist destination and locals have a much higher income and improved quality of life.
North Georgia covers approximately 35% of the state’s land area, but approximately 75% of the state’s estimated 9.92 million residents (as of 2012, per Census Burea estimate). In addition to the city of Atlanta, the North Georgia mountains varied landscape and fertile farm land attracted immigrants from North Carolina and Tennessee in the late 1700s and early 1800s. The lower two-thirds of the state offered little to no incentive to migrate any further south. After all, other the most significant feature in the endless flatness and millions of pine trees is a freakin’ swamp- Okeefenokee Swamp. Enough said.
I visit my cousin and her family in Los Angeles at least once every year, but I spent a total of four months in 2010 (seven separate trips) and almost three months in 2011 (five separate trips) when she was battling Inflammatory Breast Cancer. I had to learn my way around enough to take her kids to school, various athletic practices and games, doctor appointments and anywhere else they needed to go. Most were within 10 miles of her house in the affluent community of Woodland Hills (I know my around Tarzana, Reseda and Calabasas like I live there).
But I one day, I had to take her youngest son, who was 7 at the time to a doctor in Downtown L.A. I got lost and eventually found myself in “South Central”. A stupid white guy from Georgia driving around in a big ol’ Lexus SUV (with chrome wheels, no less) venturing into gang territory…it was almost as scary as when I got lost at the mall as a kid and wandered into Lane Bryant! =)
Needless to say, as soon as I realized where I was (after stopping in Gangland to enter my destination in the Navigation system, rather than using the written directions my cousin provided…talk about a sitting duck), I got the hell out of there. If I didn’t see a car coming and at 4-way stops, I flew right them! I consider it a near-death experience! =)
In L.A., the areas to the south are definitely horrible, but there are some very scary areas in every other direction also.
I learned my lesson that day and never go anywhere without using the Nav system from the start. Even though it tried to take me to The Church of Scientology instead of Children’s Hospital a few blocks away on my last visit! I stopped at red light and heard the words “You have arrived at your destination on the left. Route guidance ending, goodbye.” and it freaked me out!!! I almost ran the light fearing that John Travolta might appear at any moment and try to touch me inappropriately! I also learned that a 5000lb SUV will catch are with surprising ease if you’re going fast enough when you hit dips and bumps…
In St. Louis, the north is generally the bad side (well, the east is even worse, but that’s in a different state.)
And for all the theories about water flow, St. Louis was settled from the middle (the Arch and Laclede’s Landing area) and then fanned out, with all directions being settled at roughly the same times, like rings on a tree.
In Austin, TX, the South side of town (south of the river/lake) was traditionally the more hippie/laid back part of town.
The East side (east of I-35) is where the majority of black and mexican people lived and was the “bad” part of town. There’s even some evidence that the routing of I-35 through the city was deliberately to separate them from the white parts of town.